Development and Substantiation of Design and Mode Parameters of a Potato Planter

Potato harvesting is an important process in crop growing technology. When implementing it, it is not necessary to completely crumble the surface layer of the soil, but only to break up its clods, which is achieved by introducing a spring into the design of the ploughshare. During translational movement, a force arises directed in the opposite direction, which compresses the spring. When the force acting on the ploughshare decreases, it expands, and when it increases, it contracts. The resulting vibrations are transmitted to the soil clods and, with sufficient force, their destruction occurs. Vibrations of the share lead to a change in its kinetic energy. Instantaneous energy increases and decreases, while the average energy remains constant. More complete information about the interaction of the ploughshare with the surface layer can be obtained through mathematical modeling. The purpose of the study is to determine the compression coefficient of the spring. The simulation is based on solving Lagrange equations of the second type in the Cartesian coordinate system with initial and boundary conditions determined by the design of the ploughshare. When compiling a mathematical model, the following were taken into account: – the gravity of the ploughshare; – gravity of the soil layer; – the elastic force of the spring, which creates additional vibrations; – cutting force of the soil layer; – the friction force of the soil layer on the surface of the ploughshare, – the normal reaction of the supporting surface of the ploughshare and the angle of its entry into the surface layer. Modeling made it possible to determine changes in the instantaneous value of kinetic energy, which ranges from 0 to 3.6 J. The optimal amplitude of oscillation of the share during forward motion at a speed of 6 km/h was 0.02 m. The spring stiffness coefficient for loamy soils of the Ryazan region should be in the range of 2200…3000 N/m.

Section: Doi удк 631171unclassified

Study of the Interaction of a Spring-Loaded Ploughshare With Soil Layer Particle Based on the Solution of the Lagrange Equation of the Second Type

Yudaev,

Abramov,

Ivankina

et al. 2023

Substantiation and Determination of Furrower Parameters of Potato Planter

Kalimullin

Haliullin

Gayfullin

et al. 2022

Furrow formation is one of the most labor-intensive operations in potato cultivation technology. The article discusses the justification and determination of furrower parameters of the potato planter. Analytical dependences of the height of the junction point of the disks and the width of the furrow bottom are obtained, taking into account the technological parameters, its design features and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Potatoes are planted in the usual way. The main row spacing in our country is 70 cm. However, in areas of high humidity and in irrigated areas, wide-row planting with a row spacing of 90 cm is used. In some areas of the European part, in arid areas, potatoes are planted with a row spacing of 60 cm. By the time of harvesting, the potato field has a ridged appearance, obtained as a result of hilling, where the height of the ridges is 11…20 cm. The angle of the row seed drills is that the vanishing point of the coulter rises above the bottom of the furrow by 6.3 cm. With an increase in the angle of entry of the coulter into the soil from 2° to 11°, the depth of the coulter travel increases. At angle values from 3° to 8°, the stroke depth approaches the optimum (12…18 cm).

Method of Calculation and Design of Soil Dispenser

Gayfullin

Haliullin

Kalimullin

et al. 2023

The article considers a dispenser-distributor with soil-transporting elements, substantiates and determines its technological and design parameters. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, analytical dependences were obtained to determine the diameter of the disk of the soil dispenser-distributor, the height of the soil-transporting element and the volume of soil required to cover potato tubers. The results of work in the field of theory and calculation of potato planters are systematized and generalized, analytical dependences are obtained to determine the main design and technological parameters of the soil dispenser-distributor of the potato planter. Based on literary sources, to obtain digital values, we chose the row spacing (70 cm), the distance between tubers (25 cm), the weight of the tuber is average (55 ... 60 g), the width at the bottom of the furrow, equal to the width of the nest, is the smallest (0 06…0.07 m), tuber planting depth (0.19 m), potato fraction – seed (50…80 g), operating speed – within (2.9…9 km/h). According to the calculations, the following results were obtained: the diameter of each disc (D=35…40 cm), the height of the soil-transporting element (hpe = 0.025 m) and the volume of soil (Ω= 0.004 m3) required to cover potato tubers.