Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and DE, and to estimate ME and NE of rice protein concentrate, salmon protein hydrolysate, whey protein concentrate, and spray-dried plasma protein. In Exp. 1, 6 barrows (initially 29.5 +/- 2.5 kg of BW) were fitted with ileal T-cannulas and fed each of 5 cornstarch-based diets in a balanced crossover design over 35 d. During a given week, there were either 1 or 2 replications of each treatment, resulting in 6 total replications over 5 wk. The 4 test diets (fed from d 0 to 28) were formulated to contain 12.5% CP by using analyzed nutrient compositions of rice protein concentrate, salmon protein hydrolysate, whey protein concentrate, or spray-dried plasma protein. The fifth (N-free) diet was fed from d 28 to 35 to estimate basal endogenous losses of CP and AA, which were used to calculate SID. Ileal digesta were collected and analyzed, and AID and SID values were calculated. Apparent ileal digestible Lys, Met, and Thr values were 80.0 +/- 3.3, 65.6 +/- 3.1, and 68.4 +/- 4.5% for rice protein concentrate; 85.6 +/- 4.8, 85.5 +/- 4.3, and 69.8 +/- 8.5% for salmon protein hydrolysate; 93.3 +/- 1.4, 89.9 +/- 5.8, and 83.6 +/- 5.3% for whey protein concentrate; and 92.8 +/- 0.9, 85.7 +/- 2.1, 86.5 +/- 2.3% for spray-dried plasma protein, respectively. In Exp. 2, 6 barrows (initially 37.6 +/- 1.7 kg of BW) were fed each of 5 corn-based diets in a balanced crossover design over 35 d. During a given week, there were either 1 or 2 replications of each treatment, resulting in 6 total replications over 5 wk. The 4 diets containing the test ingredients were formulated to contain approximately 20% CP by using their analyzed nutrient compositions. The fifth (corn control) diet containing 8.2% CP was also used to calculate energy values by difference. Feces were collected to determine DE. The ME and NE contents were estimated using published regression equations. The DE, ME, and NE (as-fed) values were 4,724 +/- 461, 4,226 +/- 437, and 3,235 +/- 380 kcal/kg for rice protein concentrate; 4,173 +/- 1,052, 3,523 +/- 1,002, and 2,623 +/- 872 kcal/kg for salmon protein hydrolysate; 4,949 +/- 1,002, 4,352 +/- 955, and 3,344 +/- 831 kcal/kg for whey protein concentrate; and 4,546 +/- 673, 3,979 +/- 652, and 3,020 +/- 567 kcal/kg for spray-dried plasma protein, respectively. The excellent AA digestibility and relatively high DE, ME, and NE values indicate that these protein sources warrant further investigation as ingredients for growing pig diets.

The effects of different feed-grade antibiotics on growth performance of The effects of different feed-grade antibiotics on growth performance of weanling pigs in a research environment weanling pigs in a research environment

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A total of 180 weanling pigs (initially 14.1 lb and 18 ± 3 d of age, PIC) were used to determine the effects of dietary calcium formate or malic acid on nursery pig growth performance. Treatments were arranged in a 2 Ã-3 factorial, with or without an antimicrobial, and with or without calcium formate or malic acid, for a total of six dietary treatments: 1) negative control (no organic acids or antimicrobials); 2) positive control (feed containing 140 g/ton neomycin sulfate, 140 g/ton oxytetracycline; neo/oxy); 3) negative control feed containing malic acid; 4) positive control feed containing malic acid; 5) negative control feed containing calcium formate; 6) positive control feed containing calcium formate. There were no interactions (P>0.10) between the antimicrobial and the organic acids. Overall, pigs fed diets containing neo/oxy had greater ADG and ADFI (P<0.04) than did pigs fed diets without an antimicrobial. There were no differences in growth performance between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed diets containing organic acids. These data suggest that neo/oxy increases ADG and ADFI of weanling pigs. Neither malic acid nor calcium formate are suitable replacements for neo/oxy for growth performance in nursery pigs.;

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A total of 228 weanling pigs (initially 14.7 lb and 21 ± 3 d of age, PIC L210 Ã-L42) were used to evaluate the effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) source on growth performance of weanling pigs. Pigs were fed one of seven experimental diets: a negative control, with no WPC (control); a positive control, with 5% spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP); or the negative control diet with one of five WPC sources (Sources 1 through 5). Pigs were fed the experimental diets from d 0 to 14 after weaning, then all pigs were fed a common Phase 2 diet from d 14 to 28 after weaning. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed diets containing WPC from Source 1 had greater ADG (P<0.05) than did pigs fed the control diet or WPC from Source 3. Pigs fed SDAP also had greater ADG and ADFI (P<0.05) than did pigs fed WPC from Source 3. Pigs fed WPC tended to have poorer ADFI (P<0.09) than that of pigs fed SDAP. All pigs fed WPC diets had improved F/G (P<0.01), however, compared with pigs fed the control. Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed WPC from Source 1 had greater ADG (P<0.05) than did pigs fed WPC from Source 3, but there were no treatment differences in ADFI and F/G. In summary, variation in growth performance with pigs fed WPC confirms our previous results in that variation between sources does exist. Furthermore, pigs fed diets containing high-quality WPC, from a reliable and consistent source, can improve ADG and have similar performance to pigs fed spray-dried animal plasma.; Swine Day, 2005,

A total of 399 weanling pigs (initially 12.2 lb and 14 ± 3 d of age, PIC) were used to determine the effects of water-based citric acid on nursery pig growth performance and water disappearance. Pigs were given a common diet and one of two experimental water treatments: 1) negative control, water containing no additives; and 2) water containing 0.55 g per L citric acid. Overall (d 0 to 10 after weaning), there were no differences in growth performance between pigs provided water or water with added citric acid. In addition, water disappearance was similar between treatments for the overall period. These results suggest that adding 0.55 g/L of citric acid improves neither pig growth or water intake when offered immediately after weaning.; Swine Day, 2005,

A total of 156 finishing pigs (72 barrows and 84 gilts, initially 110 lb) were used to determine the effects on growth performance of increasing meat and bone meal. Pigs were housed in an environmentally regulated finishing building, with two pigs per pen. There were six pens of barrows and seven pens of gilts per treatment. Pigs were blocked by initial weight and sex, and then allotted to one of six dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were based on corn-soybean meal, were formulated on a true-ileal-digestible (TID) lysine basis, and were fed in three phases. In each phase, diets contained 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 12.5% porcine meat and bone meal. The diets were formulated to 0.85, 0.70, and 0.57% TID lysine in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively, slightly less than the pig’s anticipated requirements, so that if the amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meal was different than typical values, changes in growth performance could be observed. Increasing meat and bone meal increased ADG (quadratic, P<0.02), decreased ADFI (linear, P<0.02), and improved F/G (quadratic, P<0.01). Pigs fed 2.5 or 5.0% meat and bone meal had the best ADG and F/G; as meat and bone meal increased to higher concentrations, however, ADG and F/G decreased and were similar to those of pigs fed the control diet. Because the diets were formulated with slightly less than the pig’s anticipated requirements, the results suggest that the meat and bone meal used was relatively high quality and contained greater digestible amino acids than expected. These results suggest that porcine meat and bone meal is a suitable replacement for soybean meal. SummaryA total of 156 finishing pigs (72 barrows and 84 gilts, initially 110 lb) were used to determine the effects on growth performance of increasing meat and bone meal. Pigs were housed in an environmentally regulated finishing building, with two pigs per pen. There were six pens of barrows and seven pens of gilts per treatment. Pigs were blocked by initial weight and sex, and then allotted to one of six dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were based on corn-soybean meal, were formulated on a true-ileal-digestible (TID) lysine basis, and were fed in three phases. In each phase, diets contained 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 12.5% porcine meat and bone meal. The diets were formulated to 0.85, 0.70, and 0.57% TID lysine in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively, slightly less than the pig's anticipated requirements, so that if the amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meal was different than typical values, changes in growth performance could be observed. Increasing meat and bone meal increased ADG (quadratic, P<0.02), decreased ADFI (linear, P<0.02), and improved F/G (quadratic, P<0.01). Pigs fed 2.5 or 5.0% meat and bone meal had the best ADG and F/G; as meat and bone meal increased to higher concentrations, however, ADG and F/G decreased and were similar to those of pigs fed the control diet. Because the diets were formulated with slightly less than the pig's anticipated requiremen...