Lexmaulová L., R. Novotná, P. Raušer, A. Nečas: Complications Related to Surgical Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs. Acta Vet. Brno 2008, 77: 269-276. After intervertebral disk surgery we often have to deal with various complications (seizures, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ulcerations, cystitis, and surgical wound healing problems). These complications may lead to the death of the patient. We performed clinical and laboratory investigations in 161 dogs with an intervertebral disc disease. After that, we performed a cranial (n = 31), caudal (n = 125) or both (n = 5) types of myelography at the same time, and surgery -ventral slot decompression (SLOT) (n = 18) or hemilaminectomy (n = 143). During the postsurgical period we observed seizures, GIT complications, cystitis, and surgical wound healing problems or even death of the patients. These complications appeared to be related to the lesion site, the degree of clinical signs and the type of surgical procedure. In our study we found a higher incidence of seizures after cranial myelography, higher incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) complications particularly in paraplegic dogs, and a higher risk of death in patients after the SLOT surgery. The occurrence of cystitis was not significant (p = 0.5524, p = 0.1655, respectively). We consider seizures, GI ulcerations, and death the most frequent complications after intervertebral disc surgery. Their incidence depends on the lesion site and the degree of neurologic symptoms.

Ninety-three rectal swabs of lambs and young goats from two extensively and two intensively managed herds in Jordan were taken and examined for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The bacteriological examination included the preenrichment of rectal swabs in EC broth with novobiocin, and a subsequent parallel isolation on enterohemolysin agar and immunomagnetic separation with cultivation on CT-SMAC. The STEC O157:H7 strains were demonstrated in 8 of 32 diarrheic lambs 1-to 3-weeks old in one sheep herd with intensive milk production. In the remaining three herds, serogroups O128, O78, O15 and serotype O128:K85 of STEC strains were the most frequent findings. The presence of stx2, ehlyA and eaeA genes in all STEC O157:H7 isolates was confirmed by PCR. In two untypable STEC isolates, stx2 and ehlyA genes were detected. In other STEC non-O157 isolates, only stx1 a ehlyA genes were found. All STEC O157:H7 isolates were resistant against sulphonamides and chloramphenicol, five were also resistant against ampicillin and streptomycin, one against co-trimoxazole. One isolate was resistant against ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime), monobactams (aztreonam), sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Compared the resistant STEC O157:H7 isolates, the multiresistant isolate had a different RAPD pattern. Of 36 STEC non-O157 isolates, one isolate was resistant against sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole, and another one against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole. STEC isolates resistant against antimicrobial agents were demonstrated only in herds with intensive management.

The sensitivity of field isolates of STEC O157, O26 and reference strains from collections to different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, sodium benzensulfochloramid (chloramine B), glutaraldehyde with glyoxal, peracetic acid and lactic acid was verified. The most effective disinfectant was peracetic acid at the concentration of 0.02%, followed by chloramine B and lactic acid at the concentration of 0.5%. The field isolate of STEC O157 in comparison with the other tested strains of E. coli was more resistant to the activity of peracetic both and lactic acid and to chlorine releasing disinfectants. Its resistance was comparable to that of reference E. coli strain CNCTC 301/60, which is the reference micro-organism for efficacy testing of disinfectants. Statistically significant difference among the individual tested strains was not found. Differences between the tested STEC strains and reference strains in evaluation of growth curves were shown. STEC O157 and O26, more than the other tested strains, showed a higher resistance to acid environment in this characteristic. The reference E. coli strain CNCTC 301/60 and field isolate STEC E. coli O157 were the most resistant of all the tested strains, reference non toxigenic E. coli O157 strain was the most resistant to aldehydes.

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Aims:  To determine the occurrence of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and coliform bacteria isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents in dairy herds by examining milk filters and to analyse the influence of management factors and antibiotic use on antimicrobial resistance. Methods and Results:  A total of 192 in‐line milk filters were sampled on 192 dairy farms in the Czech Republic. Information on feeding, husbandry, production, and antibiotic therapy were obtained by questionnaire. The milk filters were cultured for STEC O157 and coliform bacteria. All recovered isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of antimicrobial‐resistance genes. STEC O157 was detected in four (2%) of the filters. Resistant nonpathogenic E. coli and coliform bacteria isolates with specific genes were detected in 44 (23%) of the filters. Conclusions:  The study demonstrated a high prevalence of resistant coliform bacteria in milk filters obtained on Czech dairy farms. Significance and Impact of the Study:  The occurrence of resistant coliform bacteria in milk filters was significantly higher among isolates from farms where antibiotic therapy against mastitis was employed during the dry period (P < 0·05).

The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine (TKX) anaesthesia. A total of 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals -BUT (anaesthetized with TKX combination and butorphanol) and CON (control group -anaesthetized with TKX combination only). All pigs were sedated with a mix of tiletamin-zolazepam-ketamin-xylazin, put into total anaesthesia using propofol, and connected to an anaesthesiology unit (O 2 -Air). For 40 min we logged the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), haemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SpO 2 ) and end-tidal CO 2 concentration (ETCO 2 ) values. Ten minutes after connecting to the devices, the pigs in the BUT group were intravenously administered butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) in the total volume of 2 ml, or physiological saline in the same volume. The pigs in the BUT group had a lower (p < 0.

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The goal of the study was to disclose superiority of either arthroscopy or arthrotomy in the treatment of CCL rupture with respect to post-surgical pain, to find whether bupivacaine administered intraarticularly is of any value in reducing postoperative pain, and through the present pain scoring system consisting of degree of the lameness, CPS and VAS to recommend therapeutical plan of CCL repair offering the better analgesia.Thirty-seven dogs with cranial crucial ligament (CCL) rupture were randomly assigned to arthrotomy (20 dogs) or arthroscopy (17 dogs). The dogs were subjected to the intraarticular administration of bupivacaine 2.5 mg/kg or saline 0.5 ml/kg (control group) after the closure of joint capsule, the two protocols being distributed at random. Postoperative analgesia was assessed with regard to the degree of the lameness, cumulative pain score (CPS) and visual analogue scale (VAS), recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after intraarticular administration of bupivacaine or saline. Postoperative analgesia was most of the time significantly (p < 0.01) better in dogs that underwent arthroscopy and received bupivacaine intraarticularly when compared to the other groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative analgesia between arthroscopic control group and arthrotomy groups, both with and without bupivacaine. The results of this study suggest that intraarticular administration of bupivacaine after arthroscopic surgical management of cranial crucial ligament rupture provides satisfactory postoperative analgesia 24 hours after the arthroscopy.