Isolation and characterization Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from sheep and goats inJordanwith evidence of multiresistant serotype O157:H7

Abstract

Ninety-three rectal swabs of lambs and young goats from two extensively and two intensively managed herds in Jordan were taken and examined for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The bacteriological examination included the preenrichment of rectal swabs in EC broth with novobiocin, and a subsequent parallel isolation on enterohemolysin agar and immunomagnetic separation with cultivation on CT-SMAC. The STEC O157:H7 strains were demonstrated in 8 of 32 diarrheic lambs 1-to 3-weeks old in one sheep herd with intensive milk production. In the remaining three herds, serogroups O128, O78, O15 and serotype O128:K85 of STEC strains were the most frequent findings. The presence of stx2, ehlyA and eaeA genes in all STEC O157:H7 isolates was confirmed by PCR. In two untypable STEC isolates, stx2 and ehlyA genes were detected. In other STEC non-O157 isolates, only stx1 a ehlyA genes were found. All STEC O157:H7 isolates were resistant against sulphonamides and chloramphenicol, five were also resistant against ampicillin and streptomycin, one against co-trimoxazole. One isolate was resistant against ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime), monobactams (aztreonam), sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Compared the resistant STEC O157:H7 isolates, the multiresistant isolate had a different RAPD pattern. Of 36 STEC non-O157 isolates, one isolate was resistant against sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole, and another one against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole. STEC isolates resistant against antimicrobial agents were demonstrated only in herds with intensive management.

The Distribution ofEscherichia coliSerovars, Virulence Genes, Gene Association and Combinations and Virulence Genes Encoding Serotypes in PathogenicE. coliRecovered from Diarrhoeic Calves, Sheep and Goat

“…The prevalence rate of pathogenic E. coli in our study was much lower (63.6% in calves, 27.3% in goat and 9.1% in sheep) than previous studies (Cid et al., 1996; Novotna et al., 2005; Cookson et al., 2006).…”

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli isolated from sheep in Namibia

“…The isolation of E. coli O157:H7 in sheep meat in this study confirms that there is a risk of human infection and HUS in Namibia because sheep meat is a major source of protein and a significant proportion of the human population is immune compromised due to HIV infection. However, the relationship between STEC in sheep and foodborne disease has not been consistently demonstrated [9].…”

“…Sheep have been reported as key reservoirs of STEC in a number of studies [7][8][9]. Non-O157 strains O26, O91, O115, O128, and O130 that harbor genes encoding key virulence factors that are commonly found in STEC strains causing foodborne disease have been isolated from sheep [8,9].…”

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef cattle slaughtered in Amman abattoir

“…One isolate was resistant to chloramphenicol, and sulphonamide, another isolate was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphonamide, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) and five isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulphonamide. One isolate showed a multi resistance pattern against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime, aztreonam, gentamicin, cephalothin, streptomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Novotna et al, 2005). Harakeh et al (2005) reported that 100% and 63.5% of tested E. coli O157:H7 from meat-based fast food in Lebanon were resistant to erythromycin and vancomycin, respectively.…”