1. Pancreatic growth was measured in rats by changes in pancreatic weight, nucleic acid content and protein content after feeding diets of heated soya-bean flour (HSF), raw soya-bean flour (RSF), 200 g raw soya-bean flour + 800 g heated soya-bean flour/kg (80 HSF) and 400 g raw soya-bean flour + 600 g heated soya-bean flour/kg (60 HSF) for periods up to 36 weeks. Control rats of comparable age to soya-bean flour-fed rats were continued on rat cubes during the 36-week study.2. Cube-fed rats remained significantly heavier than rats fed on soya-bean flour diets. Analysis of variance showed rats fed on HSF were significantly heavier than RSF-fed rats and rats fed on 80 HSF significantly heavier than those fed on 60 RSF. 3. Pancreatic indices in HSF-fed rats were similar to comparable control rats. 4. Hypertrophy was found in rats fed on the RSF-containingdiets with theextent of enlargement corresponding to the RSF content. Hyperplasia was also found in rats fed on RSF and 60 HSF.5. The greatest pancreatic growth was seen in RSF-fed rats with all the indices peaking at 8 weeks followed by a decline and then a rise again at 36 weeks.6. The fall in pancreatic indices in rats fed on RSF for 12 and 24 weeks is most likely an effect of general malnutrition due to the multiple deficiences in amino acids which occur in animals fed on RSF. The rise at 36 weeks may reflect increased body growth or the beginning of adenomatous changes.
1. The effect on pancreatic digestive enzyme levels of fasting and changes from a diet containing trypsin inhibitor (raw soya-bean flour, RSF) to diets free of trypsin inhibitor (heated soya-bean flour, HSF. or commercial rat chow) was studied in rats for up to 7 d.2. In RSF-fed rats killed without fasting, enzyme levels were low, but after fasting for 24 h before killing therc was a marked increase in all enzyme levels. Histological studies showed that pancreatic acinar cells from RSF-fed rats killed without fasting were devoid of zymogen granules, but following a 24 h fast there was a marked accumulation of zymogen granules which extend into the basal cytoplasm. Fasting either produced no change or a fall in enzyme levels in rats fasted after feeding HSF or chow continuously. 3.If animals fed on RSF were changed to HSF and either fed or fasted for 24 h up to the time of killing there was an increase in amylase (EC 3 . 2 . 1 . I), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), lipase (triacylglycerol lipase; EC 3 . I . I .3) and protein I d after the change, followed by a fall over the next 6 d to levels similar to those seen in rats fed on HSF continuously.4. Animals changed from RSF to chow showed similar effects as far as trypsin, lipase and protein were concerned, but amylase rose, to reach the level seen in rats fed on chow continuously (about ten times that seen in soya-bean-fed rats), after 2 d. 5.These results suggest that in the rats fed on RSF, pancreatic enzyme synthesis is rapid but secretion is equally rapid and intracellular enzyme levels are low. When these animals are fasted or changed to a diet free of trypsin inhibitor the rate of secretion falls but the high rate of synthesis continues for at least 24 hand enzymes accumulate in the pancreas. In studies of pancreatic enzyme levels in rats fed on trypsin inhibitor the extent of fasting before killing the animal is therefore an important variable. Such animals should probably not be fasted before study.
Wool has been acylated with several aliphatic acid chlorides. Hot dimethylformamide allows the reagent to penetrate the crosslinked structure of wool. Myristoyl chloride can give a 30% uptake in 0.5 h at 105°C. Increase in crosslinking by diacid chlorides is demonstrated by lower solubility in ammonia after peracetic acid oxidation, by single fiber stress-strain data, and by decreased supercontraction. Also shown are the effects of hydrocarbon chain length and acid chloride functionality on acid solubility, alkali solubility, and fabric mechanical properties. Many treatments greatly reduce laundering shrinkage.
To achieve weight reduction and alter serum lipid profiles, an air-expanded whole-wheat protein product (SNW) was used by moderately obese women as a meal substitute for 12 wk. Results were compared with those from a standard low-calorie diet (LCD). The SNW group lost 3.9 kg (means) over the first 6 wk and a further 1.6 kg between weeks 6 and 12. In contrast, the LCD group lost 2.8 kg during the initial 6 wk but failed to achieve weight loss during the second 6 wk. Consequently, the SNW group lost nearly twice as much weight over the 12-wk period as did LCD participants. A beneficial effect of SNW on serum cholesterol and triglycerides was noted; both measures declined in conjunction with the weight loss. Such alterations were greater in the SNW group than in LCD participants. Both schemes proved safe. SNW is safe and effective in weight reduction and serum lipid modification in moderately obese women.
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