The effect of long-term feeding of soya-bean flour diets on pancreatic growth in the rat

Crass, R. A.; Morgan, R. G. H.

doi:10.1079/bjn19820017

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A reduction in intestinal CCK levels has been shown after trypsin inhibitor has been given orally (Brand and Morgan 1981), and increased pancreozymin activity in the plasma has been shown after feeding on RSF (Khayambashi and Lyman 1969). Since CCK is trophic for the pancreas Solomon et al 1978;Dembenski and Johnson 1980;Morisset 1980) feeding on RSF results in hyperplastic and hypertrophic enlargement of the gland (Melmed 1976;Crass and Morgan 1982;Oates and Morgan 1982). When CCK was injected intravenously in anaesthetized rats fed RSF, the pancreatic responses were similar to those seen in the respective groups of rats fed cubes, though for each dose of CCK the response from the enlarged gland was greater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suppliers stated that it consisted of approximately 25 % carbohydrate, 40 % protein and 20 % fat. Rats were fed RSF for at least 1 month, by which time maximal pancreatic growth had occurred (Crass and Morgan 1982;Oates and Morgan 1982). The results with rats fed RSF were compared with the previously published data for animals fed stock cubes (Oates and Morgan 1981).…”

Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pancreatic Response to Bolus Injection of Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in Anaesthetized and Conscious Rats Fed Raw Soyaflour

Oates¹,

Morgan²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Pancreatic secretion was studied in rats fed raw soyaflour before (basal) and after stimulation with cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) given in either ascending or descending dose orders ranging from 1· 25 to 20 or from 20 to 1· 25 Crick-Harper-Raper units (CHRU). These results were compared with those reported previously for animals fed a stock cube diet. Two experimental conditions were used: anaesthetized animals were tested immediately after cannulation of the pancreatic duct and conscious animals were tested 48 h after surgery. Basal flow was significantly increased in anaesthetized and conscious rats fed RSF compared with the respective animals fed cubes. Mean basal protein output was also increased, but this difference was not significant. The pancreatic response to the ascending and descending doses of CCK in anaesthetized rats fed RSF was linearly related to the log of the dose of CCK in both animals fed RSF and cubes, though the response to CCK was greater in the rats fed RSF. When ascending doses of CCK were given to conscious rats fed RSF, the protein output increased up to 10 CHRU of CCK but was inhibited by 20 CHRU of CCK, whereas it decreased after the first dose of CCK (1·25 CHRU) in animals fed cubes. When descending doses of CCK were given to animals fed RSF, protein output was greatest after the first dose and no simple relationship between dose and response was seen. Compared with rats fed cubes, the pancreas in rats fed RSF thus appears to respond to a given dose of CCK with increased secretion, and conscious animals fed RSF can tolerate a higher dose of CCK before protein output is inhibited. This is consistent with an increased population of acinar cells in the animals fed RSF, with each hypertrophied cell responding to CCK with increased secretion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Response to Bolus Injection of Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in Anaesthetized and Conscious Rats Fed Raw Soyaflour

Oates¹,

Morgan²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…BBI is the only protease inhibitor derived from soybeans that possesses a chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (21). The trypsin inhibitory activities of BBI indirectly inhibit the activation of pro-MMP-1, -2 and -9 to their active forms (22). Chen et al (9) demonstrated that the chymotrypsin inhibitory activity of BBI specifically inhibits proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a single-dose administration of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate on anti-proliferation and inhabitation of metastasis in M5076 ovarian sarcoma-bearing mice

Sakurai

Suzuki²,

Sano³

et al. 2008

Mol Med Rep

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Abstract. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate (BBIC) on antiproliferation, up-regulation of Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and inhabitation of hepatic metastasis in mice with M5076 ovarian sarcoma. M5076 ovarian sarcomas (1x10 6 cells/animal) were subcutaneously transplanted into the back of BDF 1 mice. The 'pre-treated' (n=10) and 'post-treated' (n=10) groups were fed a standard diet (CE-2) compounded with 0.5% BBI from 3 weeks before and from the day of tumor inoculation, respectively, until 4 weeks after tumor inoculation. The 'control group' (n=10) was fed CE-2 alone. Relative tumor weights in the pre-(0.013±0.010) and post-(0.012±0.013) treated groups were significantly reduced by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, as compared to the control group (0.040±0.022, p<0.01). The relative densities of Cx43 mRNA and Cx43 protein were significantly higher in the BBIC-treated groups than in the control group. The median numbers of macroscopic spontaneous metastases were significantly lower in the pre-(1.0±2.3) and post-(1.9±3.6) treated groups than in the control group (71.4±97.3). These results suggest that BBIC reduces proliferation as a result of increased expression of Cx43 genes in mice with M5076 ovarian sarcoma. In addition, BBIC inhibits hepatic metastasis in M5076-bearing mice.

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“…The pancreatic enlargement has been shown to reflect both hypertrophy (defined as increase in cellular size and amount of protein per unit of DNA) (2) and also hyperplasia (increase in the amount of DNA and number of cells in the gland) (3). We have shown that the pancreatic growth-promoting effects continue, ifthe administration of raw soya flour is maintained, but becomes progressively more marked in an exponential manner at some time between 30 and 60 weeks of feeding raw soya flour-containing diets (4).…”

Section: Morphological Aspects Macroscopic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soybean flour on the pancreas of rats.

McGuinness¹,

Morgan²,

Wormsley³

1984

Environ Health Perspect

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We have reviewed the growth-promoting and carcinogenic effects of feeding raw soya flour to rats. If the raw soya flour-containing diets are fed for more than a year, about 10% of the animals develop pancreatic cancer. In addition, feeding raw soya flour markedly potentiates the action of even subthreshold amounts of pancreatic carcinogens. The raw soya flour therefore acts as a potent promoter, as well as a weak carcinogen. In view of this promotion, the rat fed raw soya flour is a sensitive model for screening pancreatic carcinogens.It is not known whether the human pancreas responds to dietary trypsin inhibitors in a manner similar to the rat. However, in view of the use of soya-based products in human nutrition-especially in infant foods-we urge that the effect of all soya-based products intended for human use be tested on the rat pancreas in long-term feeding studies, combined with subthreshold doses of azaserine to highlight any promoting activity of the product. It seems probable that if a product exerts no effect on the rat pancreas, the human pancreas will also be spared from noxious effects. Morphological Aspects Macroscopic FeaturesRaw soya flour-containing diets have been shown to produce enlargement of the rat pancreas after administration for as little as 10 to 20 days (1). The pancreatic enlargement has been shown to reflect both hypertrophy (defined as increase in cellular size and amount of protein per unit of DNA) (2) and also hyperplasia (increase in the amount of DNA and number of cells in the gland) (3). We have shown that the pancreatic growth-promoting effects continue, ifthe administration of raw soya flour is maintained, but becomes progressively more marked in an exponential manner at some time between 30 and 60 weeks of feeding raw soya flour-containing diets (4).During the period of pancreatic enlargement, the gland changes color to become dark red, reflecting increased vascularity and blood flow, as demonstrated by use of microspheres (unpublished results).Some time between 24 and 30 weeks after the start of raw soya flour-containing diets, small greyish patches become visible on the surface of the gland. Subsequently, overt nodules appear and increase in size (6). These changes correlate with the growth of the gland and with the increased secretory response to stimulants of the pancreas of these animals (7).After feeding raw soya flour-containing diets for 16 to 24 weeks, a few microscopic foci can be found scattered throughout the pancreas. The number and size of the nodules increases with the duration of feeding (4) Reversibility of Morphological ChangesThe pancreatic weights, protein content and morphological appearances revert to normal when rats are fed raw soya flour for 5 days (8), 4 weeks (9) and 6 months (unpublished observations) and then receive non-soyacontaining diets.If rats are fed raw soya flour for as long as 6 months and the diet is then changed to non-soya-containing chow, nodules are not found at death a year or more later, so that histologically the pancreas o...

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The effect of long-term feeding of soya-bean flour diets on pancreatic growth in the rat

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Pancreatic Response to Bolus Injection of Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in Anaesthetized and Conscious Rats Fed Raw Soyaflour

Pancreatic Response to Bolus Injection of Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in Anaesthetized and Conscious Rats Fed Raw Soyaflour

Effects of a single-dose administration of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate on anti-proliferation and inhabitation of metastasis in M5076 ovarian sarcoma-bearing mice

Effects of soybean flour on the pancreas of rats.

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