Pancreatic secretion was studied in anaesthetized rats tested immediately after surgery or in conscious rats tested 48 h after the cannulation of the pancreatic duct. Pancreatic flow, protein output and enzyme output were measured over a 30-min period in the unstimulated state and after the intravenous injection of bolus doses of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) ranging from 1·25 to 20 Crick-Harper-Raper units (CHRU). Each animal received three doses of CCK-PZ, as either ascending or descending doses.In anaesthetized rats there was a linear relationship between the log-dose of CCK-PZ and the flow, protein and enzyme output with both the ascending and descending doses. In contrast, in conscious rats flow was unaffected by CCK-PZ, and protein output was greatest after the first dose, whether this was given in the ascending or descending doses. At all CCK-PZ levels flow in anaesthetized rats was less than that seen in conscious animals, but at doses of CCK-PZ above 5·00 CHRU protein output was greater in anaesthetized rats than in conscious rats.Ultrastructural studies of the pancreas showed areas of focal cytoplasmic degeneration and possible blockage of the duct with cellular debris after administration of high doses of CCK-PZ to conscious rats. These changes may be responsible for the reduced protein output with the second and third dose of CCK-PZ in these animals. No such changes were seen in anaesthetized rats after similar doses of CCK-PZ.These studies show fundamental differences in the response of the pancreas to CCK-PZ in anaesthetized .and conscious rats. The mechanism for this difference is not clear, but it may represent a change in the normal response to CCK-PZ in the anaesthetized rats as a result of the effects of acute operative trauma, possibly acting through changes in pancreatic blood flow.Additional keyword: autophagosome
Pancreatic secretion was studied in rats fed raw soyaflour before (basal) and after stimulation with cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) given in either ascending or descending dose orders ranging from 1· 25 to 20 or from 20 to 1· 25 Crick-Harper-Raper units (CHRU). These results were compared with those reported previously for animals fed a stock cube diet. Two experimental conditions were used: anaesthetized animals were tested immediately after cannulation of the pancreatic duct and conscious animals were tested 48 h after surgery. Basal flow was significantly increased in anaesthetized and conscious rats fed RSF compared with the respective animals fed cubes. Mean basal protein output was also increased, but this difference was not significant. The pancreatic response to the ascending and descending doses of CCK in anaesthetized rats fed RSF was linearly related to the log of the dose of CCK in both animals fed RSF and cubes, though the response to CCK was greater in the rats fed RSF. When ascending doses of CCK were given to conscious rats fed RSF, the protein output increased up to 10 CHRU of CCK but was inhibited by 20 CHRU of CCK, whereas it decreased after the first dose of CCK (1·25 CHRU) in animals fed cubes. When descending doses of CCK were given to animals fed RSF, protein output was greatest after the first dose and no simple relationship between dose and response was seen. Compared with rats fed cubes, the pancreas in rats fed RSF thus appears to respond to a given dose of CCK with increased secretion, and conscious animals fed RSF can tolerate a higher dose of CCK before protein output is inhibited. This is consistent with an increased population of acinar cells in the animals fed RSF, with each hypertrophied cell responding to CCK with increased secretion.
Cardiac output during an anaphylactoid reaction Cardiac output has only rarely been measured during an anaphylactoid reaction in man because of the nature of the condition. We report here its measurement using oesophageal Doppler ultrasound.was with intravenous infusions of alfentanil (40 mg/ hour for 5 minutes then 4 mg/hour) and methohexitonc (100 mg bolus then 500 mg/hour). Neuromuscular blockade was obtained with a bolus of alcuronium 20 A 15-year-old boy who weighed 65 kg presented for craniotomy to excise a large cystic lesion in the parietal region. He had been otherwise healthy apart from recent onset of epilepsy. He had undergone an uneventful anaesthetic for dental surgery as a young child and gave no history of atopy or previous drug reactions though, on questioning his mother after the event, it was discovered that he had suffered intermittently from eczema throughout his childhood. His drug therapy consisted of phenytoin 100 mg tds, carbamazepine 200 mg intravenously. The lungs were ventilated with 100% oxygen throughout the procedure. A tracheal tube was inserted and a Doppler ultrasound probe passed into the oesophagus. The patient was normotensive and the lungs were easily ventilated during the induction period.The lungs became difficult to ventilate about 10 minutes after induction and a widespread urticaria1 rash developed. Widespread rhonchi were heard on auscultation of the chest. The infusions were stopped mg bd and dexamethasone 4 mg qid orally.Premedication was with diazepam 10 mg orally given about one hour before induction of anaesthesia, which and anaesthesia maintained with halothane 0.5%. An intravenous bolus of chlorpheniramine 10 mg was given. The blood was found to be frankly cyanotic
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