Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is structurally and functionally similar to estrogen and has drawn great attention for its potentially beneficial effects on diabetes. However, it is not known whether it shares the same protective effect against diabetes as estrogen and the underlying mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of phytoestrogen resveratrol and exogenous 17β-estradiol against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. Female mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and chronically injected with different concentrations of resveratrol (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) and 17β-estradiol (0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 4 weeks, and the levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma antioxidant capacity, the changes of pancreatic islet cells and the expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) were detected. Resveratrol and 17β-estradiol significantly inhibited the increase of the blood glucose level and the rise of plasma malondialdehyde in STZ-induced diabetic mice, improved the levels of plasma antioxidant capacity and plasma insulin, protected the pancreatic islet cells, and increased the expressions of GLUT4 and IRS-1, but decreased p-ERK expression in skeletal muscle and myocardial tissue. The results suggest that resveratrol or 17β-estradiol shows obvious protection against STZ-induced diabetes in OVX mice, the mechanisms probably involve their ameliorating antioxidant activities and islet function, promoting muscle glucose uptake and inhibiting the expression of p-ERK.
Background/Aim:The purpose of this study was to establish a modified rat model with functional dyspepsia (FD) and analyze the changes in gastrointestinal motility and brain-gut peptide levels in serum and brain-gut axis.Materials and Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into control group (Con) and FD model group. FD model was established by stimulating semi-starvation rats via tail damping, provocation, and forced exercise fatigue until gastrointestinal motility disorder appeared, and then levels of motilin, leptin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were detected in serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and in duodenum, antrum, and hypothalamus by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.Results:The results showed rates of intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying slowed down markedly compared to Con (P < 0.05), the gastrointestinal electric activity attenuated, and migrating motor complex (MMC) interrupted in the model group. The levels of leptin and VIP markedly increased, but motilin decreased as compared to the Con (P < 0.05) in serum and in the above tissues. It is interesting that the level of CCK decreased in the antrum and duodenum but increased in the hypothalamus as compared to Con (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The modified rat model meets the diagnostic criteria of FD and can be used as a method for studying FD in animals.
AIM: To explore the levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the brain-gut axis of rats with functional dyspepsia (FD) and the intervention of Pingwei capsule. METHODS: FD model rats were established by stimulating semistarved rats via tail damping, provocation, and forced exercise fatigue. Then, the rats were treated with domperidone and traditional Chinese medicine, Pingwei capsule, for 3 weeks. The rates of the rat intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying were observed and the levels of SP and VIP were detected in serum by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in antrum, duodenum and hypothalamus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: FD rats were less active, nervous, anxious and dysphoria, loose stool was observed, the bodyweight and food intake decreased obviously, and their intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying slowed down markedly. Molecular biological experiments showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of SP and VIP increased significantly in antrum, duodenum, and hypothalamus of FD rats, but the SP level markedly decreased in serum compared with that in the control group. Domperidone and Pingwei capsule could improve the behavioral performances, and intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying, and decrease the expressions of SP and VIP in brain-gut axis of FD rats. CONCLUSION: There appear abnormal behaviors, gastrointestinal dysmotility and parasecretion of brain-gut SP and VIP in FD rats. Similarity to domperidone, Pingwei capsule has a degree of therapeutic effects in rats with FD.
cholecystokinin and motilin secretion decrease. Similarity to Omeprazole, S. lappa accelerated the coalescence of ethylic acidinduced duodenal ulcer significantly (p < 0.01, vs model group), but no obvious dose-dependent effect was found. S. lappa also improved gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and accelerated intestinal propulsion. Furthermore, S. lappa could increase the expression levels of cholecystokinin and motilin in duodenum and increase motilin level in serum. CONCLUSION: S. lappa can accelerate the coalescence of chronic duodenal ulcer, and increase gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and the expression of cholecystokinin and motilin in duodenum.
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