Phosphorus-induced lattice dynamic behaviors in ZnO:P epilayers grown by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique have been studied using the Raman scattering method. Additional modes around 504, 520, 655, and 866cm−1 are attributed to the disorder-activated modes due to the breakdown of translational symmetry by P doping, well supported by the reported ab initio calculations of lattice dynamics in w-ZnO. Two modes around 364 and 478cm−1 are assigned to the local vibrational modes of Zn–P and P–O pairs, respectively. The correlation of transport and vibrational properties demonstrates the complex doping mechanism and the amphoteric nature of P dopant in ZnO. In addition, the redshift of 2 longitudinal optical multiphonon around 1154cm−1 is possibly originated from the variation of short-range forces in ZnO uniaxial lattice caused by P incorporation.
The interaction between azur A (AA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) at AA concentrations from 3.430 x 10(-5) to 8.575 x 10(-5) M and sodium chloride concentrations from 0 to 0.01 M was investigated spectrophotometrically at 620 nm at temperatures from 0 to 50 degrees C. AA was shown to be a useful spectroscopic probe for detecting carboxyl groups in HA macromolecules. The interaction between AA and HA was temperature sensitive and little AA-HA interaction was observed at temperatures higher than 30 degrees C. The interaction of HA with AA was seen to be electrostatic in nature. The maximum binding number decreased with decreasing NaCl concentration, and the absorbance sensitivity decreased with increasing NaCl concentration in aqueous solution. Self-interference from the AA in the AA-HA interaction caused an overestimate of the molar mass of hyaluronic acid. An improved method was proposed to estimate the molar mass of HA, and a molar mass of 1.219 x 10(6) Da was obtained with this improved method for HA.
In the present study, a nanostructured FeAl coating was prepared by cold spraying of ball milled powder. Annealing treatment was applied to the coating to investigate its effect on the microstructure, phase structure and microhardness of the cold-sprayed nanostructured FeAl coating. The results showed that the FeAl phase was kept unchangeable when the coating annealed at the temperature above 500oC. Annealing temperature significantly influenced the microstructure and microhardness of cold-sprayed FeAl coating. With raising annealing temperature, the lamellar structure in the as-sprayed coating disappeared and a dense coating microstructure with fully bonding of deposited particles at their interfaces was achieved after annealing at 950oC. Nanograin growth of the FeAl phase occurred at an annealing temperature higher than 800oC. The microhardness of cold-sprayed FeAl coating remained about 400 Hv0.1 at the annealing temperature below 800oC and decreased to 300 Hv0.1 at 1100oC.
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