Potassium‐doped polypyrrole/carbon nanotube (K/PPy/CNT)–based graphene enzyme field‐effect transistor has been modeled for cholesterol detection. The device consists of boron‐doped p‐type graphene as substrate, nitrogen‐doped n‐type graphene as source and drain regions, high‐κ dielectric ZrO2 as gate insulator, and K/PPy/CNT composite as sensing membrane on the top of ZrO2 layer. The modeling is done using the enzymatic reactions of the enzyme cholesterol oxidase on cholesterol substrate, diffusion phenomena of the main substrate (ie, cholesterol) in phosphate buffer saline, acid/base reactions of the product (H2O2) in the phosphate buffer saline solution (pH = 7), and the pH detection properties of ion sensitive field effect transistor. The thickness of the enzyme layer here is in nanometer range, which is very less compared to other enzyme field‐effect transistors whose thickness is in micrometer range. The use of K‐doped CNT as sensing membrane has increased the sensitivity of the device at normal temperature and pH. As a result of this increased sensitivity, variations of the substrate and product concentrations are noticed even at nanometer range of the enzyme layer, which results in change in pH of the ion sensitive field effect transistor. A good fit is obtained between the modeling and experimental results.
Variable ordering is the most important task done with the Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) in order to reduce their size. Many researchers have proposed different algorithms for variable ordering for reduction in size of BDDs. This paper presents an innovative technique by combining the variable ordering algorithms available to get the best possible minimum sized BDDs. Colorado University Decision Diagram (CUD D)package is used as the tool for the process. Testing is carried out on the ISCAS benchmark circuits and better results have been found out.
This paper puts forward a comparison between two 1 bit full adder designs: one using 4T XOR and the other using 4:1 MUX based 3 Input XOR. Both are designs are made up of 10 transistors. The simulation is done using Cadence S imulator at 180nm and 90nm Technology. Comparison is made among the two proposed designs with respect to power and delay. The results show the efficiency of the design.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.