Aim: Alveolar bone resorption, often occurring after tooth extraction, can be minimized through socket preservation. This process uses a combination of Moringa leaf extract and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX) that is expected to generate both transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expressions as a transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin accelerating alveolar bone formation. This research aimed to analyze the role of the combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX induced in socket preservation when generating TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions. Materials and Methods: The left mandibular incisors of 56 Cavia cobaya were extracted and divided into four groups subjected to different socket preservation treatments. The first group treated with polyethylene glycol, the second group with DFDBBX, the third group with Moringa leaf extract, and the fourth group with a combination of DFDBBX and Moringa leaf extract. The C. cobaya were examined on days 7 and 30, after which the specimens were sacrificed and examined using an immunohistochemical technique. The resulting data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests. Results: There was a significant difference in TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions between the groups ( P < 0.05). The highest mean amount of TGF-β1 and osteocalcin was found in the fourth group on both days 7 and 30. Conclusions: The combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX can effectively generate TGF-β1 and osteocalcin expressions during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets.

To show the cytotoxicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) to better understand the characteristics for its application in regenerative procedures under periodontopathogen LPS influence. Material and Methods: Ultrapure Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS was used in this study. This research used a frozen stock HUCMSCs, previously confirmed by flow cytometry. The biological characteristics, such as cell morphology, proliferation, and protein expression, were screened. To check the cytotoxicity, HUCMSCs were cultured and divided into two groups, the control group and LPS group with various concentrations from 25 to 0.39 µg/mL. MTT assay was done and the cells were observed and counted. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: The percentage of living HUCMSCs on LPS group were not significantly different among concentrations (p>0.05) from 25 to 0.39 µg/mL, even though there were slight mean decrease between groups, but they were not significant. The duration of 24 hours of exposure of LPS does not significantly lower HUCMSCs viability. Conclusion: LPS does not affect the viability of HUCMSCs. The lower the concentration of LPS, the higher the viability of HUCMSCs.

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Background: After tooth extraction, alveolar bone resorption occurs naturally, followed by alveolar bone remodeling. Alveolar bone formation is characterized by an increase in density and expansion of the trabecular bone. Socket preservation using a combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX) is expected to increase the area of the alveolar bone trabeculae and thus accelerate the process of alveolar bone formation. Purpose: This study aimed to determine if a combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and DFDBBX could increase the area of the alveolar bone trabeculae in tooth extraction sockets. Methods: With their lower left incisors extracted, the 56 Cavia cobayas were divided into eight treatment groups according to the material given: polyethylene glycol (PEG), DFDBBX and PEG, Moringa oleifera leaf extract and PEG, and a combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract, DFDBBX, and PEG. On the seventh and thirtieth days, the Cavia cobayas were sacrificed and examined. Histopathological samples were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) to evaluate the trabecula area, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. Results: On the thirtieth day, the group that received a combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and DFDBBX had the greatest area of alveolar bone trabeculae. Conclusion: A combination of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and DFDBBX induced in the tooth extraction socket can increase the area of the alveolar bone trabeculae.

Objective: This study was intended to analyze the expression of SRT-box transcription factor (SOX)2, SOX9 and woven bone in the preservation of tooth extraction sockets due to induction with propolis extract and bone graft. Materials and methods: 56 Cavia cobaya was divided into four groups according to the socket filling material used: control group, a propolis extract group, a bovine xenograft group, and a propolis extract-bovine xenograft group. An incisor tooth was extracted from each subject and the resulting socket filled with specific materials based on the group of which it was a member. After 3 days and 7 days, the Cavia cobaya were sacrificed in order to obtain their mandibles. Histopathological samples were made by means of hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining under a light microscope at 400x magnification. Statistical analysis: The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: A combination of propolis extract and bovine xenograft produced the highest expressions of SOX2, SOX9, and woven bone on day 3 and day 7, followed by the propolis group. The combination group experienced a significant difference with the control group on day 3 and day 7 (p<0.001). Even though the combination group presented the highest expressions, the results of a Tukey HSD test indicated no significant difference between the propolis and combination groups on day 3 and day 7. Conclusion: A combination of propolis and bovine xenograft increased the expressions of SOX2, SOX9, and woven bone. Further research is required to validate the bone remodeling acceleration hypothesis with regards to propolis.

Background: Tooth extraction is a common dentistry procedure followed by alveolar bone resorption. Trauma that occurs in tooth extraction will induce exaggerating inflammatory process, leads to increased alveolar bone resorption. Bone resorption can be minimized by administering a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft. The combination material is expected to increase the woven bone area formation and speed up the alveolar bone remodeling process. Purpose: To determine the effect of induction of a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft in the formation of the woven bone area on tooth extraction sockets. Methods: The lower left incisor of Cavia cobaya was extracted and the socket was given materials according to their group, namely, control group, bovine bone graft group, Nigella sativa extract group, and a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft group. Cavia cobaya was sacrificed on day 7 and day 14. Histological observation was carried out with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: The highest formation of the woven bone area resulted from the group that was treated with a combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft, both on day 7 and day 14. Conclusion: The combination of Nigella sativa extract and bovine bone graft is able to increase the formation of woven bone area in the tooth extraction socket.

Implant placement on maxillary posterior region has some limitations because of limited bone height, low bone density, and anatomical consideration involving the floor of the maxillary sinus. A 56-year-old male with a history of hypertension and stroke, consulted for edentulous in teeth 25 and 26 with limited bone height. A short implant for 26 (Ø 4.8 mm; 4 mm) and 25 (Ø 4.1 mm; 10 mm) were placed and splint crown was performed after 6 months.