BackgroundPlacental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) which is an antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor (PIGF), is considered as one of etiology factors cause endothelial damage in preeclampsia due to increase of sFlt-1 level that change vascular endothelial integrity. This study aims to analyze the difference of sFlt-1 and PlGF concentration in severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy, and the correlation between both in occurrence of severe preeclampsia.MethodThis is case control study involving 18 subjects with severe preeclampsia and 19 subjects with normal pregnancy as controls who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Concentration of sFlt-1 and PlGF are measured with ELISA. Statistical analysis is performed with Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test, T test, Mann–Whitney test, and Spearman’s rank correlation test.ResultsThis study results in no significant difference in characteristics of gestational age, and parity in both study groups. Median concentration of sFlt-1 in severe preeclampsia is higher (20,524.75 pg/mL) compared with normal pregnancy (6820.4 pg/mL). Concentration of PlGF is lower in severe preeclampsia (47 pg/mL) compared with normal pregnancy (337 pg/mL). sFlt-1 concentration is higher in severe preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. PlGF concentration is lower in severe preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. Ratio of sFlt-1 and PlGF concentration is significantly correlated in both severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.ConclusionsThere is a significant negative correlation between the concentration of sFLt-1 and PlGF in normal pregnancy.
Thalassemia is the most common hereditary haemolytic anemia in Southeast Asia, in which Indonesia is among countries that are at a high risk for thalassemia. It has been reported that mutation in the beta-globin gene is responsible in severe Thalassemia. However, the spectrum of beta-globin gene mutations in Indonesian population varies in different regions . Thus, this study aimed to identify the most prevalent mutation of Thalassemia patients from the Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, using this as a reference hospital for Thalassemia in West Java. The three most prevalent mutations of beta globin (IVS1nt5, Cd26 (HbE), and IVS1nt1), were conducted in the beginning of this study. Mutations of 291 samples were detected by PCR-RFLP in the Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung. The prevalence of the beta globin gene mutation types were 47.4% IVS1nt5 homozygote, 9.9% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/HbE, 5.4% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/IVS1nt1, 1.4% compound heterozygote HbE/IVS1nt1, 1% HbE homozygote, 14.4% Compound heterzygote IVS1nt5/… (no paired mutation), 2.06% compound heterozygote HbE/… (no paired mutation), 1.3% compound heterozygote IVS1nt1/… (no paired mutation), and 7 samples were unidentified. The thalassemia mutation IVS1nt5 homozygote is the most common mutation found in Thalassemia patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. The samples with unidentified results might carry mutations other than the three that are observed in the present study.
Preeclampsia is the major cause of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Its insidence remains high and the management has not been established yet because its etiology and pathophysiological are still poorly understood. Theories regarding etiopathogenesis and management of preeclampsia have been postulated yet it remains controversial. Placental ischemic and angiogenic imbalance are suggested to be predisposing factors of preeclampsia. It is thereby targeted in prevention of preeclampsia. Unfortunately, both primary and secondary prevention using various supplements and drugs fails to exhibit good outcome. Overall, these efforts are considered useless. In recent years, researchers have been using statin derivative in management of preclampsia. It has been reported that statin provides protective effect in endothelial cells by inducing expression of Hmox-1 and inihibiting release of sFlt-1 as well as potent antioxidant properties.Thus, statin has been proposed as promising agent to significantly reduce anti-angiogenic in preeclamptic patients which is overviewed in this review based on recent studies.
AbstrakLactobacillus bulgaricus menghasilkan asam laktat dan bakteriosin yang memiliki efek farmakologik, di antaranya sebagai antibakteri. Klebsiella pneumoniae penyebab pneumonia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara tropis.
Introduction: Lipid peroxidation, one of the known indices of oxidative stress, is documented in various diseases. Secondary oxidation products such as malondialdehyde (MDA) is commonly measured to observe lipid peroxidation. In this study, a spectrophotometric method was evaluated to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with high sensitivity. This study was aimed to optimisation standard of MDA using tetraethoxypropane (TEP) 97% (FW=220.3). Methods: The method is based upon the reaction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and TBA in the glacial acetic acid medium. MDA is a known biomarker of oxidative status in a biological system. This research consists of two phases: first, making a stock of TEP, and the second phase was testing the concentration of TEP for finding the standard curve of MDA before used in diagnostic of lipid peroxidation. Results: Result showed the concentration 1,875-60 uM of TEP could form a precise standard curve. Conclusion: This concentration of TEP can be used as a reference as the standard of control in diagnostic of lipid peroxidation using TBARS method.
: Preeclampsia is multisystem disease occurred in 3-8% pregnancy, indicated by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestational age. In preeclamptic patients, pro-oxidant decrease enzymatically in cell, followed by increase in lipid peroxida due to free radicals malondialdehyde (MDA). Elevated free radicals in preeclampsia is associated with reduced cellular antioxidants. Curcumin has been known to posses many biological activities, such as antiinflamation and antioxidants. We evaluated effects of curcumin on MDA level in preeclampia-induced HUVEC cell line. In the present study, we observed the effects of curcumin on MDA level in preeclampia-induced HUVEC cell line. MDA level was measured with Thiobarbituric Acid-reactive Substances (TBARS). The result of the present study showed curcumin decreased MDA level in preeclampsia-induced cell.
BackgroundPreeclampsia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, both maternal and perinatal. The etiology and pathophysiology of preeclampsia remain unknown. Research shows the implantation of the placenta in preeclampsia occurs due to incomplete angiogenic imbalance as one of the preeclampsia pathogenesis. PlGF is angiogenic protein which is synthesized in placenta by mRNA PlGF. When damage occurs, mRNA will be released from cell and form cell-free mRNA. This study aims to analyze the differences between the PlGF mRNA expression in severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy as well as to measure the relationship between cell-free mRNA and levels of PlGF with the incidence of severe preeclampsia.MethodsThe method used in this study is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. Blood samples were obtained from patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnancies as the controlling factors in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criterias. Examination of the PlGF level was measured by ELISA method and mRNA PIGF expression was measured by RT-PCR. Physical and laboratory examinations of patients were recorded and collected as data. Calculations were done by statistical analysis.ResultsMean of the cell-free mRNA PlGF expression level in severe preeclampsia is 2.2983 ng/mL within the scale of 1.96–2.83 ng/mL and deviation standard of 0.1897. Using Pearson Analysis Test, the result shows that there is a positive correlation between cell-free mRNA expression and PlGF protein level in severe preeclampsia, with r = 0.640 dan p < 0.004.ConclusionThere is no difference between expression of cell-free mRNA PlGF in severe preeclampsia serum and normal pregnancy. There is a significant correlation between expression of cell-free mRNA and PlGF protein level in severe preeclampsia.
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