Background:Platelet concentrates are used in various medical procedures to promote soft- and hard-tissue regeneration. In recent times, their antimicrobial efficacy is also explored. However, various platelet concentrates have evolved which differ in the centrifugation protocols. One such recently introduced platelet concentrate is injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) concentrate. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial property, and platelet count of i-PRF in comparison to other platelet concentrates, i.e., PRF, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and control (whole blood).Materials and Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 10 chronic generalized marginal gingivitis patients. Platelet concentrates were prepared using standardized centrifugation protocol. Platelet count was evaluated by manual counting method using smear preparation of each sample. Subsequently, antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria was examined on blood agar using disc diffusion method to quantify the inhibitory effects.Results:Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean zone of inhibition around i-PRF (P < 0.01) and PRF (P < 0.05) showed statistical significance. Although a distinct zone of inhibition was seen with PRP, it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). i-PRF showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in platelet count when compared to control. It was also significant when compared to PRP (P < 0.01), PRF (P < 0.001).Conclusion:i-PRF has maximum antimicrobial efficacy and higher platelet count in comparison to other platelet concentrates, thereby indicating to have a better regenerative potential then others.
Background:For the first time in India, allografts from human extracted teeth were prepared. A randomized, prospective, clinicoradiographical, histological study was conducted to evaluate their efficacy in comparison with freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) in alveolar ridge preservation.Materials and Methods:Graft preparation: with written consent, teeth were collected from three donors (full mouth extraction cases). Once donors’ serums were tested negative for HIV, HBV, HCV, and Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL), mineralized whole tooth allograft (WTA) and dentin allograft (DA) were prepared using the standard protocol of Tissue Bank at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.Study Design:In this randomized controlled trial, 15 patients undergoing extraction of at least four teeth were selected. In each patient after atraumatic extractions, one socket was grafted with WTA, second with DA, third with FDBA, and fourth was left ungrafted (control site). All the sites were covered with chorion membrane. To estimate three-dimensional alveolar crest changes, cone beam computed tomography scans were taken immediately after grafting and 4 months postoperatively. Bone biopsies using 3 mm trephine bur were obtained from four patients at the time of implant placement and evaluated histologically.Results:Clinically uneventful healing was observed at all sites. Compared to other sites, WTA and DA consistently showed superior results demonstrating least reduction in alveolar crest height and width which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Between WTA and DA sites, there was no statistically significant difference. Histological analysis also confirmed more new bone formation at WTA and DA sites.Conclusions:Rather than disposing extracted human teeth as a biomedical waste (common practice), they can be collected from suitable systemically healthy donors. With the help of tissue bank, they can be processed into an allograft, serving as an excellent alternative to conventional allografts.
The antibacterial coated sutures have a promising potential in preventing the colonization of periodontal pathogens around it thereby inhibiting biofilm formation.
Background:
Sutures at the surgical site can act as a reservoir for microbes, leading to surgical site infection. This mainly occurs in braided sutures due to wicking action. The use of triclosan-coated suture (TCS) or chlorhexidine-coated suture (CCS) could be one of the possible alternatives to reduce the microbial load.
Objectives:
The study was designed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of resorbable TCS and CCS along with its effect on healing after periodontal flap surgery in comparison to noncoated sutures (NCSs).
Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis indicated for periodontal flap surgery satisfying inclusion criteria were randomly assigned in the three groups: (1) NCS-polyglycolic acid sutures (control group), (2) TCS-polyglycolic acid sutures (experimental Group A), and (3) CCS-polyglycolic acid sutures (experimental Group B). All the patients were evaluated at day 0 (baseline), day 8, day 15, and day 30 for healing index (HI), postoperative pain (POP), and visible plaque index (VPI). Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth around each suture was evaluated after day 8. Two randomly chosen samples from each group were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for the presence of biofilm.
Results:
Although intergroup HI and POP were statistically insignificant (
P
> 0.05), intragroup evaluation showed statistically significant improvement. VPI was more in NCS compared to antibacterial sutures. There was significantly less concentration of anaerobic bacteria as compared to aerobic bacteria (
P
< 0.05). CLSM showed the presence of more viable bacteria on NCS as compared to antibacterial sutures.
Conclusion:
TCS or CCS sutures can be used in periodontal surgeries to reduce the bacterial load at the surgical sites.
Background:
Ultrasonic instruments generate aerosols with significantly greater number of bacteria. Preprocedural mouthrinses or chemotherapeutic coolants are used for the reduction of bacterial load in dental aerosols. The use of chlorhexidine as an ultrasonic coolant has been well established. However, this application has not yet been investigated for cinnamon extract which is known to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties
in vivo
.
Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine and cinnamon extract as an ultrasonic coolant in reduction of aerosol contamination and biofilm formation during ultrasonic scaling in comparison with the distilled water (DW).
Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe gingivitis were randomly divided into three groups of twenty patients each undergoing ultrasonic scaling. For Group I, chlorhexidine was used as an ultrasonic coolant; for Group II, cinnamon extract was used; and Group III was served as control where DW was used. The aerosols from ultrasonic units were collected on two blood agar plates at three different positions. Both the plates from each position were incubated aerobically for 48 h. The total number of colony-forming units were counted as mean ± standard deviation and statistically analyzed. In addition, biofilm sampling of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) was also done to evaluate the effect of these antimicrobials. Apart from microbial examination, clinical parameters such as plaque index and gingival index were also evaluated at baseline and 1-month follow-up.
Results:
Chlorhexidine and cinnamon both were equally effective (
P
> 0.05) in reducing the bacterial count in aerosols and biofilm in DUWL as compared to DW when used as ultrasonic cooling agent.
Conclusion:
Both cinnamon and chlorhexidine used as an ultrasonic device coolant through DUWLs effectively helped in the reduction of bacterial count in dental aerosols.
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