Background: Nutrition education is defined as instruction or training intended to lead to acquired nutrition-related knowledge and/or nutrition-related skills and be provided in individual. It is also demonstrably capable of improving dietary behaviour and nutrition status on its own.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the urban and rural ICDS projects of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh from July 2014 to June 2015. Three types of instruments were used: NIPCCD Suposhan Guide, a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements including weight, height and MUAC. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and was analyzed by using EPI Info version 7.Results: As per Z score 7.9% children had normal weight (Z score above -1SD), 31.7% had mild underweight (Z score between -1SD to -2SD), 40.7% had moderate underweight (Z score between -2SD to -3SD) and 19.6% had severe underweight (Z score below -3SD). Reduction in moderate underweight was from 39.2% to 33.9% and in severe underweight it was from 19.3% to 15.2% in urban area. In the rural area reduction in moderate underweight was from 44.1% to 36.6% and in the severe underweight group it was from 20.4% to 9.7%.Conclusions: In our nutrition education intervention we found that a well planned, short, simple, focused and based on locally available food items delivered with little empathy can do a lot even in weaker sections of the society.
Background: FNAC is rapidly emerging as a useful tool in the diagnosis of metastatic lesion of lymph nodes. FNAC not only confirms or excludes metastasis in a case of a known primary malignancy but, also, in most cases helps to detect occult primary malignancy. Aim of present study was to determine the frequency of metastatic lesions of lymph nodes.Methods: This retrospective study was done of all metastatic lymph node lesions reported on FNAC, in the department of pathology, NSCB medical college, Jabalpur from January 2014 to December 2014 (One Year).Results: Total cases of 400 lymph node aspiration were done, of which 120 cases were clinically suspicious of metastasis. Cytology results were positive for metastasis in 97 cases (80.8%). The most common site of aspiration was cervical lymph nodes (75.2%). Maximum number of cases of metastasis were in 51-60 years age group with male predominance (male:female 2.6:1). The most common metastasis was squamous cell carcinoma seen in 74 cases (76.2%), followed by metastatic mammary carcinoma (10.3%), remaining were adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma.Conclusions: FNAC is a rapid, safe and cost-effective technique. It gives early and accurate results with minimal invasion and reduces the need for surgical biopsies, thus saves cost and time to reach the final diagnosis. It is therefore concluded that FNAC is a useful tool in diagnosing metastatic lesions of lymph nodes with a good certainty.
Background: Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known to humankind and an important cause of death and disability among children worldwide. In 2010, the World Health Assembly set milestones towards global measles eradication, to be reached by 2015. One of the milestones is to Increase in routine coverage with the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) for children aged 1 year to ≥90% nationally and ≥80% in every district.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out in rural area of Bhopal district, central India from September 2014 to November 2014. The WHO EPI 30-cluster survey methodology was used as sampling method. A pre designed and pre tested questionnaire was used to collect information on immunization coverage. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and was analyzed by using EPI Info version 7.Results: The mean age of study subjects was 17.7 months with SD of 3.64. Out of total 210 subjects 57.2% were boys and 42.8 % were girls. Our study findings suggest that 92% of the children were vaccinated for MCV1 vaccine and 8 % were not received MCV1 vaccine. The association of place of delivery with MCV1 vaccination status was found statistically significant (P <0.001).Conclusions: We found high measles vaccination coverage in the field practice area as compared to other surveys. Main reasons found behind noncompliance were unawareness about Universal Immunization programme, lack of information about Measles and its complications, away from home on the session day, long distance of session site from home.
Objective: Prolidase is an enzyme that releases proline and is vital in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, fueling white matter dynamics. Serum prolidase activity (SPA) is elevated in various neuropsychiatric conditions and may influence cognitive functions. Aim of the study was to explore the relation of SPA to neuropsychological functioning and its response to treatment in anxiety disorders. Methods: Twenty demographic-matched patients with anxiety were recruited. Six patients were given EEG-neurofeedback training (EEG-NFT), eight were treated pharmacologically (treatment as usual; TAU) with EEG-NFT, and six patients were treated only pharmacologically (TAU group). Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess anxiety and comorbid depression, respectively. Results: Symptom reduction was seen in all groups. SPA decreased considerably in EEG-NFT group. Mental speed and spatial working memory negatively correlated with SPA in EEG-NFT group. Focused attention, sustained attention, verbal working memory, and spatial construction ability negatively correlated with SPA in EEG-NFT+TAU group. Mental speed in TAU group was also inversely proportional to SPA. Conclusion: Inverse correlation between SPA and neuropsychological functions in EEG-NFT group is suggestive of prolidase-mediated microstructural changes in white matter, which may have an influence on cognitive enhancement in anxiety disorders (AD).
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