Abstract:The search for more effective and lower cost therapeutic approaches for wound healing remains a challenge for modern medicine. In the search for new therapeutic options, plants and their metabolites are a great source of novel biomolecules. Among their constituents, the monoterpenes represent 90% of essential oils, and have a variety of structures with several activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing. Based on that, and also due to the lack of reviews concerning the wound-healing activity of monoterpenes, we performed this systematic review-which provides an overview of their characteristics and mechanisms of action. In this search, the terms "terpenes", "monoterpenes", "wound healing" and "wound closure techniques" were used to retrieve articles published in LILACS, PUBMED and EMBASE until May 2013. Seven papers were found concerning the potential wound healing effect of five compouds (three monoterpenes and two iridoid derivatives) in preclinical studies. Among the products used for wound care, the films were the most studied pharmaceutical form. Monoterpenes are a class of compounds of great diversity of biological activities and therapeutic potential. The data reviewed here suggest that monoterpenes, although poorly studied in this context, are promising compounds for the treatment of chronic wound conditions.

The treatment of orofacial pain remains a major challenge for modern medicine. Thus, we prepared and physicochemically characterized a new b-cyclodextrin complex containing Lippia grata leaf essential oil (b-CD/EO) to investigate their possible antinociceptive activity in animal models of orofacial pain. The results of Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) showed that the products prepared by Slurry complexation (SC) method were able to incorporate greater amounts of EO. In the X-ray diffractogram, it was shown that complex between EO and b-CD was formed. Male Swiss mice were pre-treated with b-CD/EO (6, 12 or 24 mg/kg, per os, gavage, p.o.), morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (distilled water, p.o.) 1 hr before treatment with formalin (20 lL, 2%), capsaicin (20 lL, 2.5 lg) or glutamate (40 lL, 25 lM) into the right upper lip. Our results demonstrated that p.o. treatment with b-CD/EO was significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) capable of reducing the nociceptive face-rubbing behaviour in both phases of the formalin test. b-CD/EO-treated mice were also significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) protected against nociception induced by capsaicin and glutamate. For the action in the central nervous system (CNS), ninety minutes after the treatment, the mice were perfused, the brains collected, crioprotected, cut in a criostate and submitted to an immunofluorescence protocol for Fos protein. The immunofluorescence protocol demonstrated that the b-CD/EO significantly activated (p < 0.05; p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) the motor cortex, the Locus ceruleus, the nucleus raphe magnus and the periaqueductal gray of the CNS. These effects apparently did not alter, in tested doses, the motor coordination of mice in the rota-rod test. Our results proposed that b-CD/EO might present an important draft of drug to the study of new compounds for the treatment of orofacial pain.Pain in the oral and craniofacial system represents a major medical and social problem [1]. Orofacial pain often constitutes a challenging diagnostic problem that can be complicated by psychosocial factors and typically requires multidisciplinary treatment approaches [2]. The management of pain continues to be a major challenge for medicine. Opioids, anticonvulsants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main agents used to relieve acute and chronic pain [3]. Unfortunately, the use of opioids and NSAIDs are limited by side effects.A new approach to discover new analgesic drugs has been performed with medicinal plants and its secondary metabolites as therapeutic alternatives for painful disorders [4-6] such as orofacial pain, including promising studies being developed by our group with essential oils and monoterpenes: citronellal [7], Ocimumbasilicum essential oil and (-)-linalool [8], p-cymene [9] and citronellol [10]. However, low water solubility, slow dissolution rate, instability and short half-life are limitations for essential oils and monoterpenes therapeutic applications.Se...

We can suggest that the antinociceptive effect of the EE is mediated by peripheral mechanisms, possibly involving KATP channels and the nitric oxide pathways. These effects appear to be related to the presence of flavonoids compounds, such as quercetin.

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