Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter 'D-shuttle' for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due to the terrestrial background radiation level of other regions/countries.
This research reveals the issue of homeschooling. It deals with homeschooling in post-communist countries with a similar tradition of the education system – Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. It defined the basic concepts associated with homeschooling and, through both quantitative and qualitative research, a questionnaire with 78 parents of homeschooled children and a document review compared the homeschooling system in these countries. On the basis of the research findings, it could be stated similar homeschooling conditions provided in each country, differing mainly in the student´s age aimed to. Unschooling, one of homeschooling types, a curriculum-free philosophy, has not been applied and recognized as a legitimate form of education in any of these countries yet. Many parents have been experimenting with educating their children at home though and would welcome it to be legal. Keywords: homeschooling, individual education, qualitative research, unschooling.
Th is research addresses the opinions of parents of homeschooled children on the issue of homeschooling. Th rough both quantitative and qualitative research -a questionnaire with 78 parents of homeschooled children from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, their opinions on the selection of a school for their children, problems in compulsory examination, and the selection of teaching methods and forms were found out. On the basis of the research fi ndings, it was possible to state that criteria for school selection was not related to problems in the compulsory examination of the children, and the pedagogical education of the respondents (parents) did not infl uence the selection of didactic methods or forms.
The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.Energies 2020, 13, 1968 2 of 20 buildings. This negative trend may be halted by using renewable energy sources and new solutions with higher efficiency. The effects achieved in this way are not only beneficial to the environment, but, above all, to the consumer, whose operating costs are significantly reduced. The simplest solution to save energy would be to design a building using materials with low thermal conductivity and high-efficiency heating and/or cooling technology.Both environmental and economic factors have led European Union (EU) regulators to introduce a definition for "nearly Zero-Energy Buildings", hereinafter referred to as "sustainable buildings". Pursuant to the Directive of the European Parliament [4], they are buildings with low demand for heating, cooling, and electricity, which should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources. The document [4] does not include the exact values of the coefficients to be met by a building, as these are defined by each Member State. The National Plan for increasing the number of low-energy buildings [5] extends this definition, stating that such a building meets the energy saving and thermal insulation requirements as defined in technical and building regulations.Referring to the Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure, buildings should correspond to at least the optimum energy performance for new buildings, in force since January 2019 for buildings occupied and owned by pu...
Th e issue of values in the education of young people is always relevant in the pedagogical literature. Th e main purpose of this article is to show the hierarchy of values of young people aged 12-15. Th e problem of the meaning of values in the lives of young people will be presented on the basis of our own research conducted among students from the Myślenice district (Poland) and Nadvirna district of the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Ukraine).
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