Collagen is the most widely distributed protein in human body. Within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medical applications, collagen-based biomaterials have been extensively growing over the past decades. The focus of this review is mainly on periodontal regeneration. Currently, multiple innovations of collagen-based biomaterials have evolved, from hemostatic collagen sponges to bone/tissue regenerative scaffolds and injectable collagen matrices for gene or cell regenerative therapy. Collagen sources also differ from animal to marine and plant-extracted recombinant human type I collagen (rhCOL1). Animal-derived collagen has a number of substantiated concerns such as pathogenic contamination and transmission and immunogenicity, and rhCOL1 is a potential solution to those aforementioned issues. This review presents a brief overview of periodontal regeneration. Also, current applications of collagen-based biomaterials and their mechanisms for periodontal regeneration are provided. Finally, special attention is paid to mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of rhCOL1 in pre-clinical and clinical studies, and its future perspectives in periodontal regeneration are discussed.

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To determine and compare the effects of high-frequency mechanical vibration (HFV) with light force and optimal force on the tooth movement and root resorption in rat model. Materials and MethodsSeventy-two sites in 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned using a split-mouth design to control (no force/no vibration) or experimental groups: HFV (125 Hz), light force (5 g), optimal force (10 g), light force with HFV, and optimal force with HFV for 14 and 21days. The amount of tooth movement, threedimensional root volume and root resorption area were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis. ResultsAdjunction of HFV with light force signi cantly increased the amount of tooth movement by 1.8-fold (p = 0.01), 2.0-fold (p = 0.01) at days 14 and 21 respectively. The HFV combine with optimal force signi cantly increased the amount of tooth movement by 2.1-fold (p = 0.01), 2.2-fold (p = 0.01) at days 14 and 21 respectively. The root volume in control (distobuccal root (DB): 0.60 ± 0.19 mm 3 , distopalatal root (DPa): 0.60 ± 0.07 mm 3 ) and HFV (DB: 0.60 ± 0.08 mm 3 , DPa: 0.59 ± 0.11 mm 3 ) were not different from the other experimental group (range from 0.44 ± 0.05 mm 3 to 0.60 ± 0.1 mm 3 ) with the lowest volume in optimal force group. ConclusionsAdjunction of HFV with orthodontic force signi cantly increased tooth movement without causing root resorption Clinical Relevance Using light force with HFV could help to identify alternative treatment option to reduce the risk of root resorption.