There was theoretically grounded and experimentally proved the expedience of enriching high-concentrated wort of the starch-containing raw material with such additional source of mineral nutrition for yeast cells as nanoparticles of metals. There was studied the influence of nanoparticles of metals on hydrolysis of biopolymers of the raw material and biosynthesis of organic compounds at wort fermentation. It was experimentally established, that the most positive influence of biosynthetic properties of yeast cells is realized by zinc and magnesium. At using zinc and magnesium, yeast biomass and alcohol content in mashes increase. Best chemical-technological indices of mashes were received at adding nanoparticles of zinc and magnesium at the stage of batch dilution. There was experimentally studied the synthesis of volatile organic admixtures in marsh distillates depending on point of adding nanoparticles of metals.
Alternate changing of the steaming periods and liquid overflow allows to intensify mass transfer between liquid and steam and to reduce the specific consumption of heating steam in the process of separation of multicomponent mixtures. Known methods and models have not found widespread practical use due to the lack of mass transfer in the steam period, fluctuations in steam pressure in the collector, the complexity of constructive solutions to ensure cyclic mode, etc. The authors propose a technology for rectification, which involves the cyclic motion of the liquid without interrupting of the supply of heating steam and the construction of a rectification column for its implementation. The purpose of the work was to research the effectiveness of the proposed technology in the process of rectification of alcohol-containing fractions and to establish the specific flow rate of steam in the impurity concentration column. To ensure a cyclic mode, the column was equipped with movable liquid transfer devices connected to actuating mechanismes, which acted according to the controller program, and perforated (scale-shaped) trays. The primary task was to determine the hydrodynamic mode of operation of the contact devices - the lower and upper the critical vapor velocity of at which the liquid is retained on the plates and there is its entrainment. It is established that the vapor velocity in the free section of the column can reach 1.2 m/s or more, and in the openings of the scales must exceed the first critical velocity of 6.5-7.5 m/s. The weeping of the tray occurs at the vapor velocity in the holes of 1.5-1 m/s. The investigations were carried out in the production conditions of the Chudniv branch of SE “Zhytomyr liquor producer ”. It is experimentally proved that in the process of rectification of alcohol-containing fractions, the main impurities are removed completely, the degree of extraction of higher fusel alcohols is increased by 38%, methanol - by 15.6 %, the multiplicity of concentration of the main impurities is increased by 25 %, the higher alcohols - by 40 %, methanol – by 34 %, acrolein – by 36 %. The costs of heating steam are reduced by 30 % compared to typical installations and do not exceed 13 kg/dal of absolute alcohol introduced with feed. Exempted from the key impurities the bottom liquid of the impurity concentration column should be used for hydroselection in the purifying column.
Key words: ABSTRACT Rectification Bottom liquid Ethyl alcohol Hydroselection Recycling ImpuritiesThe technology of rectified ethyl alcohol, which allows to increase the separation efficiency main, part of intermediate and final impurities of alcohol in distillation and rectification plants with minimal water consumption for hydroselection. A hardware-technological scheme of the distillation plant is presented, in accordance with which to conduct hydrocelection there is recycling of the bottom liquid of the column for extractive distillation in acceleration column, bottom liquid of acceleration column is in epuration column, and bottoms liquid of alcohol column is in the column for extractive distillation. Studies of the effect of the proposed technology in the production mediumare conducted. It is established that its use allows to reduce specific consumption of softened water and energy consumption for heating by up to 80% in comparison with the standard schemes of distillation and rectification plants.
The effectiveness of the contact devices reduces the inadequate contact time of the vapor and liquid, as well as the mixing of the liquid on adjacent plates. The use of plates with partial compensation of direct flow does not solve the problem.The authors propose the technology of rectification with controlled cycles of fluid retention on the plates, which allows to change the vapor velocity in the contact element slits by changing the section of the plates in such a way that during the period of fluid overflow the plate becomes leaky.The purpose of the work was to investigate the effectiveness of contact devices with variable sections in the process of dispersing the main fraction and distilling the mash while increasing the residence time of the liquid on the plates.The research was conducted in the production conditions of the State Enterprise "Chudnovsky Alcohol Plant". The experimental column was equipped with scales and the contact devices were movable valves, which alternately closed and opened the overflow holes according to the given algorithm. The paper presents the results of studies of the distribution of key volatile impurities of alcohol at the height of the accelerating column. It is proved that with a delay of liquid up to 20 sec. the degree of removal of aldehydes, higher alcohols of fusel oil and methyl alcohol increased by an average of 30%, the multiplicity of concentration of the main and upper intermediate impurities increased by 32%. The delay of the bracket on the plates of the graphic column to 12 sec. leads to an increase in the concentration of braided distillate by 28%.Extension of the residence time of the liquid on plates of the accelerating column to 20 sec., and the mash columnup to 12 sec. allows to increase the efficiency of contact devices and the degree of separation of alcohol-containing fractions by an average of 30%, as well as reduce the specific costs of heated steam to 32% compared to typical installations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.