The review highlights the role of antioxidants in minimizing oxidative changes that may adversely affect the quality of meat and meat products, cause changes in their testing and nutritional properties. This applies particularly to the use of natural antioxidants based on plant extracts, which can be a good alternative to traditional antioxidants, thanks to its high content of phenolic compounds. From the literature it can be concluded that extracts of broccoli, rosemary, mint, grape seed and green tea have a significant antioxidant effect in the meat products. Broccoli and grape seeds extracts have a pronounced antioxidant activity compared to synthetic antioxidants. Laminarin/fucoidan extracts have prooxidative effect on lipid perperoxidation. Essential oils of L. angustifolia and M. piperita effectively inhibit E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus in the chopped beef meat. The alcoholic extract of the dried leaves of oregano has the highest content of total phenols, however, does not exhibit antioxidant properties. The extracts of rosemary, orange, lemon, mint and curry have positive effect on the color of the meat products. When choosing natural antioxidants it is necessary to pay attention to their impact on testing and qualitative characteristics of these food products.
О. В. К о ч у б е й-Л и т в и н е н к о Кандидат технических наук, доцент Кафедра технологии молока и молочных продуктов**
We present a study into bacteriostatic effects achieved by repasteurization at a temperature of 85–90 °C for 20 minutes in the presence of an oxygen absorber. The applied treatment method makes it possible, on day 94 of storage, to obtain the level of contamination of microorganisms, comparable to the background microbiological contamination of sausages, for the sausages produced without pasteurization.The study confirmed the effectiveness of protective barrier properties of multilayer polymeric materials manufactured by LLC Sirius Extruzhen (Ukraine) for the storage of boiled sausages for up to 26 days. We established the possibility of storing sausages for 35 days based on the obtained data on the stability of microbiological indicators and compliance with the requirements to organoleptic indicators.The study presented ways to achieve the shelf life of cooked sausages twice longer than the typical, recommended for sausages with repasteurization. We obtained the results for sausages exposed to repasteurization at a temperature of 85–90 °C for 15–20 minutes. We packaged the examined samples at the thermoforming lines “Multivac” (Germany) and “Webomatic” (Germany). We performed the pasteurization of products at the “Fessman” (Germany) universal heat chamber.We confirmed the possibility of combination of protein stabilizers and animal proteins based on pig skin, dairy products, and spices in the formulations of samples of pasteurized sausages made from beef, pork, poultry meat, in particular, poultry meat of mechanical boning. In the study, we established that the grade of boiled sausages does not produce a significant effect on the shelf life of sausages when applying repasteurization together with an oxygen absorber
Nepeta cataria var. citriodora Beck. (catmints) is a source industrial production of citral and attractive raw material for food industry and cooking. Aerial part of Nepeta are characterized by high antimicrobial activity and fungicidal action against mold fungi, used in folk medicine, as ingredient in recipes for sausages, liqueurs and soft drinks, vegetable and fruit canned food, in the manufacture of vermouth. Ukrainian variety 'Melody' was created specifically for growing in the Forest-Steppe zone, and variety 'Peremozhets' – in the Steppe zone. Data on the yield aerial part and essential oil Nepeta was determined. The dry aerial part of plants N. cataria we used to create a dry spicy mixture for sweet dessert dishes. Quantitative content and qualitative composition of essential oil of plants by organs and phases of vegetation are presented in the article. In our research we used essential oils obtained by hydro distillation procedure for 2 h using Clevendger-type apparatus from the flowering parts of plants N. cataria 'Peremozhets' and 'Melody'. Investigate of components was carried out by high effective gas chromatography with HP 6890 chromatograph coupled with HP 5972 mass selective detector. The most abundant components of Nepeta essential oil was citral, geraniol, as well as nerol, citronellol, citronellal, carvacrol, camphor, eugenol. We proposed fractional distillation of essential oils to obtain a line of flavors with stable sensory and physicochemical indicators for food industry. The separation of essential oils into fractions was carried out on a pilot installation of fractional distillation DFD (Device of Fractional Distillation). Calculations of parameters controlled dispersal of essential oils (residual pressure, temperature regimes, number of theoretical plates, reflux number) were carried out. During fractionation of essential oil of N. cataria four fractions were obtained with a content of 96 ±0.5% to the total mass of samples. Sensory and physicochemical analysis of aromatic fractions announced them as promising flavours for food industry.
The use of hydrocolloids in the modern meat industry is the one of prospective directions for improving functional and technological characteristics of meat and meat products, including poultry at long storage terms. A series of concrete requirements to functional-technological, physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters is offered for canned poultry in correspondence with minimal specifications for the quality of products of an animal origin. There is presented the study of the optimization of the process of meat products sterilization using meat of chicken-broilers, quails and hydrocolloids depending on physical-chemical and organoleptic properties. The parameters of quail meat use in recipes of canned poultry meat with hydrocolloids were considered. The influence of the sterilization process on characteristics of chicken-broiler and quail meat was established. There was revealed the essential difference in the influence on functional and technological parameters of canned quail meat using hydrocolloid mixtures comparing with canned chicken-broiler meat, manifested in changes of MKC (moisture keeping capacity), plasticity and salt content in jelly. At changing sterilization regimes, there takes place the change of physical and chemical characteristics of gels that correlates with organoleptic characteristics. For providing high quality parameters of canned poultry meat and industrial sterility, sterilization regimes for canned chicken-broiler meat must be realized for containers with the volume 500 with sterilization time no more than 90 minutes. For canned quail meat the sterilization process duration must be increased to 120 min at the temperature 115 ° С.
The issue of food safety is perhaps one of those that receive a lot of attention in present conditions. Maintaining the freshness and quality of the product during its preservation and satisfying the consumer's requirements is the main producers and retailers' goal. Boiled sausages, frankfurters, bangers are a very common and popular consumer product group. But at the same time, these products have a relatively short storage term, which is very uncomfortable in terms of the branched logistics chain, to which most meat producers have become accustomed. There are ways to extend the storage period of this product, namely: through the use of gas and steam-proof membranes, preserving agents, packaging of products in multi-layer polymer materials, etc. However, in order to achieve stable results in the production, storage and marketing of products, it is necessary to control a number of factors such as: hygiene, temperature, pH, water activity (a w ), influence of oxygen and etc., as they affect the consumer characteristics of the product and, in the absence of control -contribute to its deterioration. An essential type of deterioration is microbiological, which is caused by the action of microorganisms: bacteria, mold, yeast, viruses, etc. It is known that most microorganisms develop on the surface of the product, especially if it concerns the natural casings used for the manufacture of sausage products. Some scientists worked on developments related to the inhibitory properties of plant extracts, the effect of chitosan, etc., which were used to cover polymer films, giving them antimicrobial properties. However, the drawback of using polymer films with aseptic properties is a limitation to their use in industrial environments. Considering that the extension of the storage term of boiled sausage products is a key issue, in order to obtain a stable and predictable result, it was suggested to combine the use of multilayer polymeric materials intended for the packaging of meat products, followed by short-term temperature treatment (pasteurization) of finished, vacuum packed, sausage products, which makes it possible to suppress the growth of microorganisms present on the surface of the product after the primary heat treatment. In the course of the research, the sausages of the highest and the first grade were made and vacuum packed in multilayer polymer materials (films), followed by short-term pasteurization. Control samples were similar in composition sausage products, which were made according to the requirements of the technical specifications and vacuum packed, but which were not subjected to additional heat treatment (pasteurization). During the storage period, organoleptic, microbiological, physical-chemical studies were carried out, measured: water activity, moisture binding capacity, moisture retaining ability, amino acid composition of the product, structural and mechanical parameters. According to the results of research, a positive result about the possibility of storing pasteurized sausages of both the highes...
Розроблено модельні рецептури м’ясних січених напівфабрикатів функціонального призначення із застосуванням м’яса курчат бройлерів, білкової емульсії на основі білків свинячої шкурки та сухої молочної сироватки, клітковини пшеничної гідратованої, концентрату зеленої маси подорожника та двох видів модифікованих жирів рослинного походження. Досліджено вплив внесення у рецептуру січених напівфабрикатів з м’яса птиці модифікованих жирів різного складу, рослинної сировини та клітковини гідратованої на здатність до протеолізу залежно від рецептурних співвідношень наведених компонентів. Здатність до протеолізу досліджена за допомогою ферментативного гідролізу під дію ферментів пепсину і трипсину в системі in vitro. При проведенні ферментативного гідролізу проаналізовано зразки, що містили в рецептурах білково-жирову емульсію на основі білків свинячої шкурки та сухої молочної сироватки із застосуванням двох видів модифікованих жирів, що містять відповідно ріпакову та пальмову олії як основний складовий компонент. Як контрольну групу прийнято зразки, що відрізнялись відсутністю рослинної сировини (концентрату зеленої маси подорожника) у рецептурі, а також зразки із внесенням білкової емульсії без застосування жиру. Як дослідні зразки представлено зразки модельних січених м’ясних напівфабрикатів із вмістом білково-жирової емульсії на основі білків свинячої шкурки та модифікованих жирів 22,5% з однаковим рівнем внесення гідратованої пшеничної клітковини та концентрату зеленої маси подорожника (18 і 2% відповідно). В ході проведених досліджень вимірювали рівень накопичення продуктів протеолізу у відібраних пробах гідролізату паралельно за двома методиками. Для фіксування гідролізу незамінних амінокислот використовували визначення вмісту тирозину за методом Лоурі. Для визначення загальної частки речовин пептидної та білкової природи у гідролізаті використовували біуретовий метод. За результатами досліджень встановлено, що у контрольних зразках на першій (пепсиновій) стадії протеолізу накопичується більше пептидних сполук, проте мало тирозину. У модельній групі зразків зафіксовано стабільну швидкість накопичення тирозину та перевищення кінцевого вмісту усіх пептидних сполук по завершенню повного циклу протеолізу.
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