background: Universities across the world have considered which attributes were important to their graduates and examined the extent that programs included experiences and opportunities conducive to exposure to and development of the desired attributes. Methodology: An action research cycle of three phases focused on review, development and implementation of statements of curriculum intent and outcomes. results: The iterative processes of evaluation and curriculum renewal led to agreement that graduates from university degrees should exit with attributes that distinguish their higher education experience. conclusion: Consultative processes led to identification of Graduate Attributes (GAs) Domains unique to the University. Implementation of the GAs with a selection of programs demonstrated practicality and effectiveness.
Objectives:To explore processes of implementation that result from attempts at curriculum renewal reliant on principles of PBL in a delivery model.
Methods:An evaluation design using case study was chosen to appraise the worth of curricula reliant on PBL philosophy and methodology. The method involved actual stories or narratives depicting situations and experiences of curriculum implementation.
Results:The use of narratives illuminated daily challenges of students, staff members and other stakeholders and posed solutions to issues raised in a collaborative way.
Conclusions:An evaluation process reliant on a collection of stories of the experiences of those involved shed some light on the perspectives of a range of stakeholders and tested the feasibility and practicality of curriculum design and implementation. There were three major areas on which academic colleagues needed to focus:Resources-PBL is no different from other approaches to curriculum development; implementation strategies need to comply with the existing institutional policies and work within existing resources and budget allocations.Processes-PBL strategies can be used in conjunction with flexible/ e-learning delivery modes that increase the potential use of a range of support materials to enhance cases as learning stimuli. Facilitator guides ensure consistency across groups.Results-Data on the effectiveness of the learning experience is regularly and routinely collected and fed back into continuous quality improvement.
reduced lifetime for time dependent dielectric breakdown Abstract (TDDB), associated with surface contamination and loss of selectivity [10][11][12][13]. This problem is especially for CMOS Leakage and dielectric breakdown of SiO2 are studied for imager applications, where thick capping layers are required Cu interconnect structures with either stand-alone CoWP or [9]. A number of approaches have been used to minimize two-layer CoWP+SiN caps. Without a post-CoWP plasma this problem, including wet cleaning or plasma cleaning clean, there are many early fails and the dielectric after electroless deposition [10,11], or chemical grafting breakdown exhibits bimodal behavior. By adding a plasma prior to electroless deposition [12]. In the previous reports, clean after CoWP deposition, the early fails can be a dielectric capping layer was used in addition to the metal eliminated and high dielectric breakdown is achieved. The capping layer (i.e. two-layer cap). In this paper, leakage improvement in dielectric breakdown with the plasma clean current and dielectric breakdown are compared for a Cu is greater for the two-layer cap compared to the stand-alone wires with either a stand-alone CoWP capping layer or a cap, probably due to the extra plasma clean associated with two-layer, CoWP + SiN capping layer. SiN deposition. Experiment
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.