Resumo. O Brasil é o sexto país em produção de ovos no cenário mundial, com uma produção aproximada de 48 bilhões de ovos, movimentando um montante de R$ 13,5 bilhões, números que representam a importância do setor para a pecuária nacional. O principal destino da produção de ovos brasileira é o mercado interno, mercado que detém 99,5% da produção, estimando um consumo médio de 200 ovos per capita. Aves poedeiras evoluíram significativamente nos últimos anos, graças ao melhoramento genético que proporcionou galinhas mais produtivas, longevas e mais resistentes do ponto de vista sanitário. Além do aumento na produtividade, houve uma melhora no animal como um todo, com maior rusticidade, resistência a patógenos, adaptabilidade aos diversos tipos de clima e ambiente, melhor qualidade de casca até o final de postura, persistência do pico de produção, maior eficiência alimentar e viabilidade. Mas para que todo esse potencial genético seja bem aproveitado, é vital que haja um correto manejo das aves, sendo de fundamental importância que esses animais tenham seu plano nutricional adequado, levando em consideração sua idade, programa de luz, programa de vacinas, instalações adequadas de acordo com o sistema de produção, que ofereça as condições ambientais necessárias ao conforto das aves, água potável e de qualidade, entre outros. E levar em consideração também os cuidados com o produto final, com coletas periódicas, seleção e armazenamento, pois tudo isso irá refletir tanto na eficiência produtiva, como na qualidade do produto produzido. Objetivou-se com esta revisão bibliográfica, abordar sobre os principais aspectos relacionados aos fatores que afetam à qualidade de ovos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of digestible methionine and cystine (Met + Cys) levels on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens during the initial and growth stages. For this, 1,800 male chicks of the Coob 500 strain were used, with 900 chicks in the initial phase (1 to 21 days old) and 900 chicks in the growth phase (22 to 42 days old), distributed in a completely randomized design of five treatments with six replicates of 30 birds. The treatments consisted of 0.545, 0.616, 0.711, 0.782, and 0.853%; and 0.514, 0.571, 0.647, 0.704, and 0.761% digestible Met + Cys for “1 to 21” and “22 to 42” days of breeding, respectively. Results showed that digestible Met + Cys levels in broiler feed altered some hematological parameters (erythrocyte, hematocrit hemoglobin, total leukocytes, heterophile: lymphocyte) and serum biochemistry (uric acid, PST, total LDL, and TG). The digestible Met + Cys levels in the diet of broilers affected the hematological parameters and serum biochemistry, especially at higher levels. From the inclusion level 0.761 of Met + Cist in the broiler diet, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit changes begin to appear.
This study evaluated the behavior and welfare conditions of laying chicks in the starter phase, fed with diets formulated with increasing levels of crude fiber (CF) and two feedstuffs with different fiber compositions. The experiment was developed at the Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia - GO, Brazil. Three hundred Bovans White chicks were evaluated in a completely randomized design with a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement corresponding to two levels of CF in the diet (3.0 and 3.5%) and two fiber sources (wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse), plus a control treatment (maize- and soybean meal-based), totaling five treatments with six replicates of 10 birds each. Maintenance behavioral patterns and welfare were assessed at 21 and 42 days of age. There was no difference in behavior and classification by order of importance of the activities performed by the fiber-fed birds observed at 21 and 42 days, according to the Kruskal Wallis test (P>0.05). Medium and good welfare conditions were obtained with wheat bran at 3.5 and 3.0% CF, respectively, at 21 days of age. At 42 days, the use of sugarcane bagasse at the CF level of 3.5% and wheat bran at the level of 3.0%provided good behavior conditions. The use of crude fiber in the feeding of hens did not change their behavior.
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