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Abstract. The paper presents idea and an application of the gamma-absorption method to a two-phase flow investigation in a vertical pipeline, where the flow of solid particles transported by water was examined by a set of two 241 Am radioactive sources and probes with NaI(Tl) scintillation crystals. In the described experiments as solid phase the ceramic models representing natural polymetallic ocean nodules were used. For advanced analysis of electrical signals obtained from detectors the phase of cross-spectral density function has been applied. Results of the average solid-phase velocity measurements were compared with one obtained by application of the classical cross-correlation. It was found that the combined uncertainties of the velocity of solid particles evaluation in the presented experiment did not exceed 0.6% in phase method and 3.2% in crosscorrelation method.

Abstract. The paper presents an application of the gamma-absorption method to study a gas-liquid two-phase flow in a horizontal pipeline. In the tests on laboratory installation two 241 Am radioactive sources and scintillation probes with NaI(Tl) crystals have been used. The experimental set-up allows recording of stochastic signals, which describe instantaneous content of the stream in the particular cross-section of the flow mixture. The analyses of these signals by statistical methods allow to determine the mean velocity of the gas phase. Meanwhile, the selected features of signals provided by the absorption set, can be applied to recognition of the structure of the flow. In this work such three structures of air-water flow as: plug, bubble, and transitional plug -bubble one were considered. The recorded raw signals were analyzed in time domain and several features were extracted. It was found that following features of signals as the mean, standard deviation, root mean square (RMS), variance and 4 th moment are most useful to recognize the structure of the flow.

Accuracy of determination of real estate area has a great importance nowadays, both in real estate selling and in tax assessment and also in spatial planning. Present and used in the past methods of area determination of parcels, buildings and dwellings cause thatthe quantity of areas are not consistent and at present this situation gives many questions. In the paper, discussion and analysis of methods of determination of areas of all types of estate in Poland, has been presented. Both methods used nowadays and used in the past has been showed here. In the relation to dwellings it has also been pointed, various provisions in force, within the range of computations of areas. For buildings in turn, it has been presented possible cases of determination of area of footprint of building and area of floor area (as sum of usable floor spaces) and areas of auxiliary premises. For land real estate, methods of determination areas of parcels used in the past together with their analysis of accuracy of areas and analytical methods used at present, have been presented. It has been pointed possible errors of analytical determined parcel area, as derivative of inaccuracy of determination of coordinates of boundary points and shape of parcel. In the summarization, possible effects (both factual and legal) of erroneously revealed in documents areas or real estate, have been presented. It has also been presented possible changes in provisions of law, partially solving problem of inaccuracy of determination real estate area.

Property boundary points define the extent of property rightsin the field. For this reason, the precision of these coordinates is one of the most crucial factors which decide in both cases: the surface area of the property and the accuracy of this field and about the reliability limits and therefore the credibility of the cadastral system of the state. The ongoing process of cadastre modernization in Poland allows to improve the accuracy of the position of property boundary points. The coordinates of the boundary points can be fixed by various methods. Method of direct measuring in the field is preceded by the fixing of the boundaries in the presence of the owners. A photogrammetric method of marking out the boundaries basis of aerial photographs, the boundary points are or are not previously determined and indicated. The cartographic method for determining the coordinates of border points uses existing cadastral maps analogue, which has undergone a process of scanning and vectorization. The article presents an assessment of the accuracy of the coordinates designate the border points using the traditional method. It has been shown that the extent to which the accuracy of the coordinates is affected by the accuracy and establish the configuration points.

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Abstract. Knowledge of the structure of a flow is really significant for the proper conduct a number of industrial processes. In this case a description of a two-phase flow regimes is possible by use of the time-series analysis e.g. in frequency domain. In this article the classical spectral analysis based on Fourier Transform (FT) and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) were applied for analysis of signals obtained for water-air flow using gamma ray absorption. The presented method was illustrated by use data collected in experiments carried out on the laboratory hydraulic installation with a horizontal pipe of 4.5 m length and inner diameter of 30 mm equipped with two 241 Am radioactive sources and scintillation probes with NaI(Tl) crystals. Stochastic signals obtained from detectors for plug, bubble, and transitional plug -bubble flows were considered in this work. The recorded raw signals were analyzed and several features in the frequency domain were extracted using autospectral density function (ADF), cross-spectral density function (CSDF), and the STFT spectrogram. In result of a detail analysis it was found that the most promising to recognize of the flow structure are: maximum value of the CSDF magnitude, sum of the CSDF magnitudes in the selected frequency range, and the maximum value of the sum of selected amplitudes of STFT spectrogram.

Wild garlic could be used as a valuable supplement and a modifier of taste and flavour in kefir from sheep’s milk.