Current Czech schoolchildren showed a doubled prevalence of OW and OB during the last two decades and simultaneously during nearly three decades there were more than doubled prevalence of "poor" or "under normal" MF of children, with overall dramatic decrease of MF in current schoolchildren.

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Všetičková L., Adámek Z., Rozkošný M., Sedláček P. 2012. Effects of semi-intensive carp pond farming on discharged water quality. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 42 (3): 223-231.Background. Fish pond management can substantially modify the hydrological regime and ecological quality of receiving waters (usually rivers, canals, and ponds downstream in an interconnected system) with potentially positive or negative impacts on watershed functioning. To evaluate these effects with respect to carp pond management, the environmental impacts of semi-intensive farming on discharged water quality were monitored at four differently managed carp ponds, differing in trophic status (two eutrophic and two hypertrophic ponds). Materials and methods. Fundamental determinants of pond inflow and outflow water quality were monitored monthly from April to October 2009. Water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentration and saturation were measured in situ whilst hydrochemical and microbiological parameters were assessed in the laboratory.Results. Compared to the inflow water, in the effluents there was a significant decline in numbers of bacterial loading indicators (Escherichia coli, enterococci, faecal coliform and mesophilic bacteria) in the outflow water. In ponds with the poor quality inflow water (downstream of water treatment plant discharges), a significant decrease was also registered in nutrients (N-NH 4 , N-NO 3 , total nitrogen, P-PO 4 , and total phosphorus) and organic loads? (five-day biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand) of pond effluents. At the pond supplied with good quality river water, however, the same determinants showed that effluent water quality worsened significantly. Total organic carbon and suspended solids increased in effluents of ponds with high fish biomass stocked.Conclusion. The results demonstrate that, during the growing season, properly managed carp ponds represent ecosystems with high self-cleaning ability. They may play an important role in the nutrient balance, storage and trapping in agricultural landscape with high population density.

Objective: The marine n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert numerous beneficial effects on health, but their potency to defend against development of peripheral insulin resistance of healthy person with overweight remains poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination intervention using EPA + DHA and the lifestyle modification (LSM) in women with overweight. Method: In a parallel-group, three-arm, randomized trial (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry-R000031131), 34 women were assigned to a 12-weekintervention using corn oil (1.5 g/day; placebo); LSM and corn oil (1.5 g/day; LSM); or LSM and EPA + DHA concentrate (1.5 g/day, containing ~ 0.6 g EPA + DHA; LSM & n-3). At baseline and after intervention, anthropometric measurements including bioelectrical impedance analysis, spiroergometry, 24-hours dietary recall, and various metabolic markers, adiponectin and cytokines were evaluated in serum using standard procedures. Data from 29 women were used for the final evaluation. Wilcoxon two-sided rank-sum test was used to inspect the differences between LSM and LSM & n-3, and placebo groups, with a p-value of ≤ 0.05. All computations were performed with MATLAB Statistics Toolbox. Results: In comparison with placebo, LSM and LSM & n-3 decreased body weight, waist circumference, and body fat, and increased VO 2 max/kg. LSM & n-3 increased adiponectin levels in comparison to LSM. Fasting insulin, IL8, and cholesterol were decreased by LSM, but were unchanged by LSM & n-3. IL6 was not affected in LSM & n-3, while it was increased in LSM. Other inflammatory markers, as well as leptin, LIF, follistatin, BDNF, and fasting triacylglycerol were not significantly affected by any of the interventions. Conclusion: Besides preventing a modest negative effect of LSM on IL6 and adiponectin level, the combination of LSM and EPA + DHA supplementation could be probably used to improve the functional capacity of adipose tissue in women with overweight.

We examined the responses of two coniferous species Picea abies and Thuja occidentalis to decreased nitrogen availability. Plants were grown for 2 months in inorganic substrate irrigated by nutrient solution. Nitrogen availability was reduced either by lower N concentration in the nutrient solution or by a patchy supply of a high N concentration to only one side root isolated in a split-root setup where the rest of the root system received all nutrients except N. At the end of cultivation we measured rates of net photosynthetic CO 2 uptake, net nitrogen and water uptake, some structural characteristics (dry mass of fine roots, dry mass and area of needles) and the total N content of needles. For a more detailed analysis of the distribution of the newly acquired N within the shoot, 15 N was administered to subsets of plants in each of the three treatments. Low N availability resulted in lower specific leaf area in Thuja but not in Picea. The decrease of net photosynthesis at lower N supply was greater in Picea than in Thuja. Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, however, linearly decreased with increasing N content only in Thuja. Patchy N supply caused uneven distribution of newly acquired labeled nitrogen and total N but did not result in significantly greater heterogeneity in the rate of photosynthesis among branches both in Picea and in Thuja plants. We conclude that both examined species possess mechanisms that reduce adverse effects of patchy N supply and restricted nitrogen transport in xylem to some parts of crown on their photosynthetic carbon assimilation.

The representatives of the genus Compsopogon Montagne in Bory et Durieaux (Rhodophyta) are basically tropical or subtropical algae. In central Europe they are only found in aquaria and in water bodies affected by thermal effluents, like the species C. aeruginosus (J. Agardh) Kützing in the Pulkau River (Austria), a tributary of the Dyje /Thaya River (Austria, Czech Republic). The first observation of this species was made in 2007 in the Pulkau River. In autumn 2010 the species was also observed at lower densities in an approximately 20 km section of the Dyje/Thaya River between the mouth of the Pulkau River (A) and the Nové Mlýny Reservoir (CR). Recently, the species was found also in Skryjský Brook, a tributary of the Jihlava River, below the cooling water effluent from the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant, South Moravia, Czech Republic. This is the second finding of representatives of the genus Compsopogon in rivers in central Europe.

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Klíčová slova: kulturní památky -historické zahrady -vodní prvky -rybníky -kvalita vody SOUHRN Vodní prvky představují významnou součást prostředí kulturních památek, památkových zón a rezervací. K naplnění požadovaných funkcí, které mohou zahrnovat sociální, historické, rekreační a vzdělávací, ale také environmentální funkce, je nutné zajistit jejich odpovídající cílový stav. Tento stav zahrnuje strukturně-technický stav a kvalitativní stav. Článek uvádí výsledky dotazníkového vyhodnocení ohrožení negativních změn vodních prvků. Představuje také výsledky kontaminace vybraných typických vodních prvků a jejich systémů fosforem a změny trofického potenciálu vody v průběhu roku 2017. Tento článek přináší informace o možných řešeních pro zlepšení kvality prostředí vodních prvků založených na přírodních metodách (biologické bakteriálně-enzymatické přípravky, plovoucí ostrovy s okrasnou mokřadní vegetací, mokřadní rostliny s plovoucími listy, změny v rybích obsádkách atd.).