Dramatic decrease in muscular fitness in Czech schoolchildren over the Last 20 years

Müllerová, Dana; Langmajerová, Jana; Sedláček, Pavel; Dvořáková, Jana; Hirschner, Tomáš; Weber, Zdeněk; Müller, Luděk; Brázdová, Zuzana Derflerová

doi:10.21101/cejph.a4069

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Sixteen studies were conducted in Europe [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], three studies in North America [18,41,42], two studies in Australia [43,44], one in China [45], one in Mozambique [46], and one in Brazil [47]. The 24 studies included were published between 2010 [18,30,33] and 2019 [35,43,45], and seven of them had at least two measurement points [18,26,[30][31][32]43,44]. The earliest data used in the studies were collected in 1969 [28] and the latest in 2015 [38,43,44].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies were classified as strong [28,31], 21 studies as moderate [18,[25][26][27][29][30][31][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47], and one study as weak [32]. Due to lacking documentation of withdrawals and drop-outs, most of the studies received a weak rating for this item.…”

Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess secular trends in the PF of children and adolescents, 15 of the 24 studies included carried out test items for endurance [25,[28][29][30][31]34,[37][38][39][40][41][42][45][46][47]. Fifteen studies used test items for strength [17,27,28,31,33,34,36,37,[39][40][41][44][45][46][47], eight for speed [27,30,32,[38][39][40]45,46], five for flexibility [18,27,37,40,46], and three for coordination [33,38,40]. A total of 22 different specific test items for PF were carried out in the included studies, but not all were used for analysis.…”

Section: Trends In Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents: A Review of Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies Published after 2006

Eberhardt

Niessner

Oriwol

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Physical fitness (PF) of children and adolescents is an important resource for their future health. Population-based studies, however, rarely report secular changes of PF, although monitoring of these is crucial to deriving information for adequate interventions. This review aims to report trends in PF of children and adolescents. A literature search was conducted in PubMed in July 2019. Cohort studies published in English allowing statements to be made on trends in PF by comparing youth between the ages of four and 18 years were included. The review identified 24 studies from 16 countries meeting the inclusion criteria, with an overall sample size of more than 860,000 children and adolescents. Through a standardized quality assessment tool, we classified two studies as strong, 21 as moderate, and only one as weak. We analyzed specific secular trends separately for the five different dimensions: endurance, strength, speed, flexibility, and coordination. The majority of studies report a decline of PF over time; however, a few studies report conflicting results. Performance in endurance, strength, and flexibility decreased over time, whereas there was no consistent trend reported for speed and coordination. Overall, there is no international standard on examining and reporting changes or secular trends in PF of children and adolescents, and comparability of studies is limited due to heterogeneous conditions of conducting and analyzing PF tests. Consequently, standardized and consistent international monitoring should be implemented.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trends In Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents: A Review of Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies Published after 2006

Eberhardt

Niessner

Oriwol

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…A systematic review showed a decline in aerobic fitness scores in 6-19-year-old children from 27 countries between 1970 and 2003 (9). Studies on neuromotor fitness showed similar results (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Lower muscular fitness scores in children were observed in different studies on various tests: 10-year-old English children scored lower on handgrip, sit-ups and bent-arm hang in 2008 vs. 1998 (12); Canadian children scored lower on sit-and-reach and handgrip in 2007/2009 vs. 1981 (11); Lithuanian 11-18-yearold children scored lower on standing broad jump, sit-and-reach, and bent-arm hang in 2012 vs. 1992 (14); and Czech children aged 8-9 and 12-13 scored lower on standing broad jump and situps in 2013 vs. 1986 (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trends in Neuromotor Fitness in 10-to-12-Year-Old Dutch Children: A Comparison Between 2006 and 2015/2017

Anselma

Collard

Berkum

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Children with a low level of neuromotor fitness are less skilled to participate in sports activities. Moreover, lower levels of neuromotor fitness are related to adiposity, lower cardiovascular health, and poor self-esteem in children. The aim of this paper was to determine neuromotor fitness in 10-12-year-old Dutch children over a 10-year period. Test scores measured in 2015/2017 (N = 533 in 2015, N = 941 in 2017) were compared with scores of same-aged children measured in 2006 (N = 1986). Neuromotor fitness was assessed using the MOPER fitness test battery, including speed and agility, strength, flexibility, and coordination and upper-limb speed. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression models and tobit regression analyses in case of skewed distributions with an excess of zeros. Analyses were stratified by age and gender, and adjusted for level of urbanization. Children in 2015/2017 performed significantly worse on speed and agility (β = 0.8 to 1.1 s), significantly better on coordination/upper-limb speed (β = −1.0 to −0.6 s), and-except for 12-year-old girls-significantly worse on flexibility vs. children in 2006 (β = −3.4 to −1.8 cm). Additionally, upper-body strength was significantly worse among 10-year olds (β = −3.2 to −2.5 s) while leg strength was significantly worse among 11-year-olds in 2015/2017 vs. 2006 (β = −1.8 to −1.7 cm). Trunk strength was worse among 11-and 12-year old boys (β = 1.1 to 1.2 s). In line with a previously observed downward trend in neuromotor fitness among children (1980-2006), we found worse scores on speed and agility, and flexibility in 2015/2017 vs. 2006, stressing the need for interventions aimed at improving neuromotor fitness in order to promote physical activity and future health.

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“…The decline in physical activity levels in youth may also contribute to a decline in motor competence. Several studies have shown reductions in motor competence in children and adolescents (Albon, Hamlin & Ross, 2010;Klaes, Cosler, Rommel & Zens, 2003;Muellerova, et al, 2015;Raczek, 2002;Runhaar, Collard, Singh, Kemper, van Mechelen & Chinapaw, 2010;Tomkinson & Olds, 2008). A review and meta-analysis by Bös (2003) using 54 studies with more than 100 000 children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years of age from 20 countries indicated a 10% decline in motor competence between 1965 and 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in motor competence over four decades in 10 to 14-year-old Austrian boys

Greier

Riechelmann²,

Ruedl

et al. 2019

CISS

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Background: Data on secular trends in motor competence in children and adolescents has been equivocal. While several studies have shown a decline in motor competence over the last several decades there is also research that showed no change or even an increase in motor competence in youth.Methods: Motor competence was assessed via 6 test items in 10- to 14-year-old Austrian boys in the years 1972, 1987 and 2015. At each measurement time participants performed 20m sprint, 800m run, sit ups, jump and reach, one-leg stand and stand and reach tests in the school gymnasium during regular school time. Data across measurement times was compared using weighted means across 5 age groups with pooled standard deviations.Results: Average performance on the 20m sprint, jump and reach test and one leg stand improved significantly (p<0.05) from 1972 to 2015 by 0.3 seconds, 3.9 cm and 3.5 seconds, respectively. Time for the 800m run increased significantly by 15% (p<0.01), indicating a decline in endurance. Flexibility, measured by the stand and reach test, also declined significantly (p=0.02) from 1972 to 2015. There was no significant difference in the number of sit ups performed at the 3 measurement times. Conclusion: Results of the present study do not show a general decline in motor competence in male middle-school students over the last 4 decades. Rather, secular trends differ by specific components contributing to overall motor competence with declines in flexibility and endurance but increases in power, speed and balance.

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Dramatic decrease in muscular fitness in Czech schoolchildren over the Last 20 years

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents: A Review of Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies Published after 2006

Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents: A Review of Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies Published after 2006

Trends in Neuromotor Fitness in 10-to-12-Year-Old Dutch Children: A Comparison Between 2006 and 2015/2017

Changes in motor competence over four decades in 10 to 14-year-old Austrian boys

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