Effect of n-3 fatty acids supplementation during life style modification in women with overweight

Abstract

Objective: The marine n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert numerous beneficial effects on health, but their potency to defend against development of peripheral insulin resistance of healthy person with overweight remains poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination intervention using EPA + DHA and the lifestyle modification (LSM) in women with overweight. Method: In a parallel-group, three-arm, randomized trial (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry-R000031131), 34 women were assigned to a 12-weekintervention using corn oil (1.5 g/day; placebo); LSM and corn oil (1.5 g/day; LSM); or LSM and EPA + DHA concentrate (1.5 g/day, containing ~ 0.6 g EPA + DHA; LSM & n-3). At baseline and after intervention, anthropometric measurements including bioelectrical impedance analysis, spiroergometry, 24-hours dietary recall, and various metabolic markers, adiponectin and cytokines were evaluated in serum using standard procedures. Data from 29 women were used for the final evaluation. Wilcoxon two-sided rank-sum test was used to inspect the differences between LSM and LSM & n-3, and placebo groups, with a p-value of ≤ 0.05. All computations were performed with MATLAB Statistics Toolbox. Results: In comparison with placebo, LSM and LSM & n-3 decreased body weight, waist circumference, and body fat, and increased VO 2 max/kg. LSM & n-3 increased adiponectin levels in comparison to LSM. Fasting insulin, IL8, and cholesterol were decreased by LSM, but were unchanged by LSM & n-3. IL6 was not affected in LSM & n-3, while it was increased in LSM. Other inflammatory markers, as well as leptin, LIF, follistatin, BDNF, and fasting triacylglycerol were not significantly affected by any of the interventions. Conclusion: Besides preventing a modest negative effect of LSM on IL6 and adiponectin level, the combination of LSM and EPA + DHA supplementation could be probably used to improve the functional capacity of adipose tissue in women with overweight.

Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions

“…Current data indicate that in obese patients n-3 PUFA increases leptin concentration while in lean subjects PUFA decrease circulating levels of leptin [46]. However, in obese women, the combination of lifestyle changes and supplementation with n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mitigates inflammatory and metabolic damages but does not influence leptin levels [47]. Conversely, in obese adolescents, omega-3 increased lifestyle interventions diminish insulin resistance, leptin concentrations, and endothelial dysfunction [48].…”

“…Moreover, probably the combination strategy based on lifestyle interventions and 3-n PUFA supplementation [47,48] is an effective clinical and applicable approach to control inflammatory state associated with leptin and subsequently decreases cardiovascular risk, in any case additional investigations should be performed to determinate the mixture of 3-n PUFA and the duration of treatment.…”

Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss: A Narrative Review

“…In most studies, the participants were asked to follow a low-calorie diet and exercise regularly. 11 , 13 , 15 , 18 , 19 Five studies entailed a non-dieting approach in which participants required to maintain their dietary habits 14 , 16 , 17 , 20 , 21 and one study instructed participants to perform exercise moderately without dietary restrictions. 12 …”

“…The N-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been suggested to improve body weight among overweight and obese individuals due to their anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects. 45 , 46 The researchers 15 identified a parallel, 3-arm RCT that tested the effects of 1.5 g EPA + DHA supplementation daily in women with BMI in the range of 25-29.9 kg/m 2 . The result suggests that EPA + DHA supplementation after 3-month-combined lifestyle modification decreased body weight in the intervention group compared with the control group.…”

Effects of nutritional interventions on BDNF concentrations in humans: a systematic review

“…Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Five studies have been identified that examined the effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements (Table 1). No significant differences in serum BDNF concentrations were found after the interventions with the different long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in subjects with diabetes [46], subjects with depression [47], trauma patients [48], and overweight subjects [49]. The study in apparently healthy subjects [50] did not statistically analyze the difference in changes between the intervention and control arms, but as the change in serum BDNF concentrations in both groups was similar and small in relation to the reported group averages and standard deviations, this would likely not have reached significance.…”