The objective of research was to determine the effect of different protein levels on the carcass and meat characteristics of male Bali cattle fattened in smallholder farms. The cattle used were 18 heads aged 2 to 2.5 years with initial body weight of 229.86±12.46 kg. The experimental cattle were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups i.e., T₀, T₁, and T₂. The T₀ group cattle were fed ration according to traditional practices of fattening cattle by farmers (100% forage). The T₁ group cattle were fed ration with 12% CP and 72% TDN. The T₂ group cattle were fed ration with 15% CP and 72% TDN. The variables measured were final body weight and the characteristics of the carcass (meat, fat, and ratio of meat to bone), and meat quality including the chemical composition of the meat (protein, fat, and collagen), meat tenderness, cooking loss, water holding capacity, and degree of acidity (pH). Data were analyzed by variance analysis. Results of research showed that the final body weight, and weight of carcass, meat, and fat of T₁ and T₂ groups were similar; conversely, those parameters in T₀ group cattle were lower (P<0.05) that those in T₁ and T₂ groups cattle. The meat protein content of T₁ and T₀ groups cattle were similar; conversely, T₂ group cattle had lower (P<0.05) meat protein content compared to T₁ and T₀ groups cattle. Fat content of T₁ group of cattle was higher (P<0.05) than that of T₀ group; while moisture contents and cooking losses of T₀ group cattle were higher (P<0.05) compared to those of T 1 and T₂ groups cattle. Collagen content of meat in T₁ group cattle was higher than (P<0.05) that in T₀ group cattle, but T₂ group cattle had similar meat collagen content to T₁ and T₀ groups cattle. Meat tenderness of T₁ group cattle was higher (P<0.05) compared to those of T₀ and T₂ group cattle. It is concluded that the male Bali cattle fed ration with 12% CP and 72% TDN can increase the carcass characteristics and meat quality. This proves that the productivity of male Bali cattle can be increased when fed ration with adequate protein with a balanced energy content.

The objective of this research was to determine the performance of Bali bull in rainy season under feedlotting management on farmer level in Timor Island. Twenty Bali bulls with 2.0-2.5 years old on the basis of teeth eruption were used in this study. Feed for animals was field grass, king grass and corn straw. The type, quantity and quality of feed given in accordance with the habits of farmers in the fattened cattle. Research was conducted by direct observation in farmer management during rainy season. Data measured were daily gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. The data collected was tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the average of daily gain weight was 0.53 kg/head/d, dry matter intake was 3.88 kg/head/d and feed conversion was 7.55 kg DM/kg daily gain. In conclusion, performance of Bali bull fattened at farmers level with forage in the rainy season could be improved.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of complete silage made from forage sorghum, king grass and natural grass. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Timor University, Kefamenanu-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) for 3 months, including preparation, adaptation, and data collection. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment included TI: sorghum 45% + lamtoro 20% + corn flour 25% + bran pollard 10%; T2: 45% natural grass + 20% lamtoro + 25% corn flour + 10% bran pollard and T3: king grass 45% + lamtoro 20% + corn flour 25% + bran pollard 10%. The parameters measured were the physical characteristics of complete silage in the form of color, texture, aroma, and the presence of fungus using panelists and the degree of acidity measured by a pH meter. Data were analyzed based on analysis of variance procedures.The results showed that the use of different forage sources as a base material in making complete silage had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the silage color and the presence of fungus but it did not affect the texture, aroma and acidity. It was concluded that the use of sorghum in making complete silage displayed the best physical characteristics characterized by natural green/yellowish green, dense textured, acidic (still fresh), pH 4.3 and the absence of fungus.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan aditif berbeda terhadap kualitas fisik dan kimia silase komplit berbahan dasar sorgum. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, yang terdiri dari:  R0 (Sorgum + Lamtoro (Tanpa bahan aditif/kontrol)), R1 (Sorgum + Lamtoro + Dedak 20% + Gula batu 10%), R2 (Sorgum + Lamtoro + Tepung Jagung 20% + Gula batu 10%) dan R3 (Sorgum + Lamtoro + Pollard 20% + Gula batu 10%). Persentase bahan aditif dihitung berdasarkan berat cacahan sorgum dan lamtoro. Tanaman sorgum dipanen pada umur 70 hari setelah tanam dan dilayukan selama 3 jam dan dicacah berukuran 3 cm. Hasil cacahan tersebut dicampur dengan bahan aditif sesuai perlakuan dan persentasenya dan dimasukkan ke dalam toples plastik (silo) berkapasitas 3 liter, campuran yang dimasukkan ke dalam silo ditekan agar lapisan cacahan menjadi padat (prinsip anaerob). Ensilase dibiarkan selama  21 hari. Kualitas fisik (pengamatan)  yang dilihat adalah tekstur, warna, aroma, pH dan persentase jamur, kandungan nutrisi silase komplit diukur secara proksimat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh (P<0,05) penggunaan aditif terhadap aroma dan persentase jamur silase komplit berbahan dasar sorgum sedangkan warna, pH dan tekstur tidak dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan aditif. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan aditif mampu meningkatkan kualitas fisik dan kimia silase komplit berbahan dasar sorgum. Masing-masing jenis aditif memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap peningkatan kualitas silase komplit. Kualitas fisik dan kimia terbaik ditunjukkan oleh penggunaan pollard 20% dan gula batu 10%.