RESUMOObjetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a checagem corporal, a atitude alimentar inadequada e a insatisfação corporal em universitários de ambos os sexos. Métodos: Participaram 587 indivíduos (311 homens). Foram avaliados os comportamentos de checagem (mulheres -Body Checking Questionnaire; homens -Male Body Checking Questionnaire), as atitudes alimentares inadequadas (Eating Attitudes Test-26) e a insatisfação corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire). Massa corporal e estatura foram autorreferidas para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). Foi realizada estatística descritiva, inferencial e teste qui-quadrado (teste exato de Fisher) utilizando o software Statistic 8.0 e adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A checagem corporal está associada às atitudes alimentares inadequadas e à insatisfação corporal, independentemente do sexo do indivíduo. Foram encontradas diferenças entre o sexo feminino e masculino para as variáveis avaliadas, sendo maior a frequência entre as mulheres. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a checagem corporal é um comportamento presente e de alta frequência em universitários com risco para o transtorno alimentar e também naqueles insatisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the body-checking, inappropriate eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction in undergraduate students from both sexes. Methods: Five hundred eighty-seven undergraduate students (311 men) were surveyed. The body-checking behaviours (women -Body Checking Questionnaire; men -Male Body Checking Questionnaire), inappropriate eating attitudes (Eating Attitudes Test-26) and body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire) were evaluated. Body mass and height were self-referred to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Descriptive, inferential and qui-square test (Fisher exact test) statistics were performed using the Statistic 8.0 software and adopting significant level of 5%. Results: Body-checking behaviours are associated with inappropriate eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction in both sexes. Women and men showed differences between the varia-

The body image of pregnant women is an issue that should be further investigated by pro-

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Objective: To analyze body image in different periods of adolescence. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled students aged ten to 19 years old of public schools in small districts of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Body Dissatisfaction Assessment Scale for Teenagers and the Silhouette Scale for Teenagers (SST) were used. Adolescence phases were classified according to the subjects' ages. Weight and height were measured in order to calculate the body mass index and the nutritional status. Results were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The study emolled 531 teenagers (318 females). The average age was 15.6±2.2 years and 84.6% were eutrophic. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction varied from 28.9% (BSQ) to 78.9% (SST). Overweight adolescents presented greater dissatisfaction (BSQ: OR 3.66, p<0.001; SST: OR 4.108, p<0.001). Dissatisfaction also occurred for females and those at the early adolescence (p<0.05). Conclusions:A low prevalence of dissatisfaction with the body image was observed among adolescents in small towns of Minas Gerais; however, most of them wished a different silhouette than the current one. The results showed that younger adolescents had higher dissatisfaction than their peers, as well as female and overweighed adolescents.

Suggestions for professional mixed martial arts training with pacing strategy and technical-tactical actions by rounds. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1306-1314, 2023-This study compared the pacing strategy and motor actions used in mixed martial arts combats ending by knockout/technical knockout (KO/TKO) or submission. All of the sample bouts ended in KO/TKO and consisted of 1,564 rounds of 678 bouts. The bouts were separated by round (R) of bouts ending (ER) in the first round (n 5 192), first (1R 3 2ER) and second (2R 3 2ER) of bouts ending in the second round (n 5 172), and first (1R 3 3ER), second (2R 3 3ER), and third (3R 3 3ER) of bouts ending in the third round (n 5 1,200). The analyses were performed according to the duration (Δ) in each phase: Δ standing preparatory activity time, Δ standing combat activity time, Δ ground preparatory activity time, and Δ ground combat activity time and their technical-tactical actions (attempted and landed strikes to the head, body and leg, takedowns, and submissions). The main results demonstrated a shorter Δ standing preparatory activity time in 1R 3 1ER (95.6 6 62.9 seconds) and 2R 3 2ER (93.6 6 67.9 seconds) vs. 2R 3 3ER (160.5 6 87.4 seconds) and 3R 3 3ER (144.0 6 88.5 seconds) with fewer strikes attempted and landed to the head, body, and legs (p # 0.05). No differences were observed (p . 0.05) between Δ standing combat activity time, but lower attempted and landed takedowns and strikes to the head, body, and leg frequencies. There were shorter Δ ground combat activity time (p # 0.05) in 1R 3 1ER (23.4 6 45.5) and 2R 3 2ER (25.3 6 41.9) vs. 2R 3 3ER (50.4 6 69.9) and 3R 3 3ER (52.9 6 74.2), with lower attempted submissions, chokes, and attempted and landed strikes to the head, body, and leg frequencies observed. These results contribute to the information developed from current research to help improve the quality of training and promote effective athletic preparation related to pacing strategy and performance models.

The FRS is stable and capable of correlating with anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, for this population the questionnaire was unable to distinguish between the two groups analyzed.

A large body of knowledge already exists on muscle dysmorphia. However, the results are limited to studies with male bodybuilders and competitive weightlifters. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have pointed out limitations in several studies in which muscle dysmorphia symptoms are not assessed by valid and reliable instruments. Thus, this study aimed to describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) to Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate its psychometric properties when applied to a total of 351 physically active Brazilian college men. Confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, estimated internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the MDDI scores were examined. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis upheld the original 3-factor structure (13 items) of the MDDI for Brazilian men. The MDDI scores presented a significant moderate association with male body dissatisfaction and drive for muscularity. A significant small association was observed between MDDI scores and depressive symptoms and exercise dependence. Adequate internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability were found. The Brazilian version of MDDI showed adequate psychometric properties among physically active college men. Public Significance StatementThe Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory is a valid and reliable tool that is capable to measure muscle dysmorphia symptoms in physically active Brazilian college men. The Brazilian version of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory could be used by researchers and clinicians to aid information regarding muscle dysmorphia etiology, prevalence, nosology, prognosis, and treatment.

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