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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a seletividade de dezenove agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro sobre ovos e pupas do predador Chrysoperla externa em condições laboratoriais (temperatura 25±1ºC, umidade relativa 70±10% e fotofase 14 horas). Os agrotóxicos foram pulverizados diretamente sobre ovos e pupas por meio de uma torre de Potter, utilizando a máxima dosagem recomendada para a cultura do pessegueiro. Foi avaliada a viabilidade de ovos e pupas, além da fecundidade e fertilidade de adultos emergidos de pupas tratadas. Os agrotóxicos foram classificados para ovos em função da redução na eclosão e, para pupas, em função do efeito total, conforme a escala de toxicidade proposta pela IOBC. A maioria dos agrotóxicos avaliados (8 inseticidas, 8 fungicidas e 2 herbicidas) se mostrou inócua (classe 1) a ovos e pupas, com redução na eclosão de larvas e efeito total em pupas inferiores a 30%. A exceção se deu para o inseticida óleo mineral, que reduziu a eclosão de larvas em 69,55% quando pulverizado em ovos e proporcionou efeito total em pupas de 36,22%, sendo classificado como levemente nocivo (classe 2) a ovos e pupas de C. externa

The selectivity of sixteen pesticides used in peach orchards in Brazil was evaluated on larvae of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in laboratory (25±1ºC, 70±10% RH and 14 hours photophase). The bioassays consisted on the exposure of larvae to fresh dry pesticide film applied on glass plates. Lenght of each development stage, the mortality, the fecundity and fertility of survival adults were evaluated. Pesticides were classified according to the total toxic effect in harmless (<30%), slightly harmful (30-79%), moderately harmful (80-99%) and harmful (>99%), in conformity to "International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants" (IOBC) recommendation. Only abamectin and deltamethrin caused significant prolongation in the post embryonic period. Fecundity and fertility of survival adults were not affected by any pesticide tested. The acaricide/insecticide abamectin, the two mineral oils, the fungicides mancozeb, dodine, azoxystrobin, captan, mancozeb + cooper oxichloride and pholpet, and the herbicide ghlyphosate were harmless; the fungicide tebuconazole was slightly harmful; the insecticide deltamethrin was moderately harmful; and the insecticides malathion, dimethoate and phosmet, and the herbicide paraquat dichloride were harmful to C. externa larvae.

This work aimed to evaluate the persistence (duration of harmful activity) of five insecticides used for pest control in peach orchards, on larvae and adults of the predator Chrysoperla externa. The insecticides were sprayed on cv. Bordô vine plants using the maximum dosage recommended for peach orchards. Weekly, at 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after spraying, larvae and adults of the predator were exposed to treated leaves in order to assess the residual effect of insecticides on mortality and possible effects on reproduction. Given the toxicity observed along the weekly bioassays, the insecticides were classified into persistence categories established by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC). High persistence was obtained for the organophosphorus insecticides (% of active ingredient) phosmet (0.100) and malathion (0.200), and both were considered persistent (> 30 days of harmful activity) to larvae and adults of C. externa. Similarly, the benzoylurea insecticide lufenuron (0.005), which acts exclusively on immature stages of insects, was persistent to larvae. Differences concerning the persistence for both development stages evaluated were observed for the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin (0.001), that was persistent to larvae but moderately persistent (16 – 30 days of harmful activity) to adults; and for the organophosphate fenthion (0.050) which was considered moderately persistent to larvae and short-lived (< 5 days of harmful activity) to adults of C. externa.

RESUMO -A seletividade de dezesseis agrotóxicos utilizados na produção integrada e convencional de pêssego foi avaliada sobre a fase adulta de Chrysoperla externa através de bioensaios de exposição residual conduzidos em laboratório (temperatura de 25±1ºC, umidade relativa 70±10% e fotofase 14 horas), utilizandose de metodologia prescrita pela "International Organization for Biological Control" (IOBC). Os agrotóxicos (% de ingrediente ativo na calda) azoxystrobina (0,016), captana (0,192), dodina (0,126), folpete (0,200), mancozebe (0,256), mancozebe + oxicloreto de cobre (0,140 + 0,096), tebuconazole (0,320), abamectina (0,002), óleo mineral 1 (2,420), óleo mineral 2 (1,920), dicloreto de paraquate (0,300) e glifosato (1,440) foram inócuos; deltametrina (0,002) foi levemente nocivo e dimetoato (0,160), fosmete (0,160) e malationa (0,240) foram nocivos a adultos de C. externa. Termos para indexação: Controle biológico, crisopídeo, agrotóxicos, Prunus persica L. SELECTIVITY OF PESTICIDES USED IN PEACH ORCHARD ON ADULTS OF Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN, 1861) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)ABSTRACT -The selectivity of sixteen pesticides used in integrated and conventional peach production was evaluated on adults of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen,1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) under bioassays in laboratory conditions (temperature of 25±1ºC, relative humidity 70±10% and 14 hours photophase), using the "International Organization for Biological Control" (IOBC) methodology. The pesticides (% active ingredient) azoxystrobin (0.016), captan (0.192), dodine (0.126), pholpet (0.200), mancozeb (0.256), mancozeb + cooper oxichloride (0.140 + 0.096), tebuconazole (0.320), abamectin (0.002), mineral oil 1 (2.420), mineral oil 2 (1.920), paraquat dichloride (0.300) and gliphosate (1.440) were harmless; deltametrin (0.002) was slightly harmful and dimetoate (0.160), phosmet (0.160) and malathion (0.240), were harmful to C. externa adults.

II Incidência de danos da broca dos ponteiros em diferentes genótipos de soja

-The southernmost region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has emerged as one of the major poles for fine grape production (Vitis vinifera) for wine processing. In this region, grapevine rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) is one of the major pests for the culture; however, information is lacking about production losses caused by this species and acaricides for its control. In this paper, the acaricide effect of azadarachtin, boron + nitrogen on orange peel oil, sulfur and spirodiclofen on C. vitis on Merlot cultivar commercial grapevine was evaluated and production losses caused by the presence of the mite were estimated. The experiment was conducted during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons, comparing the infestation levels of C. vitis and phytoseiid mites on plants treated with acaricides by the use of sticky traps. The acaricides evaluated caused a significant drop in the population of C. vitis, and spirodiclofen was the most effective, followed by sulfur, while boron + nitrogen and azadarachtin were the less effective. The products evaluated did not affect the phytoseiid population present in the experimental area. The grape production in parcels treated with spirodiclofen was significantly greater (7.430 ± 871kg.ha -1 ) than in the uncontrolled parcel (6.074 ± 316kg.ha -1 ). Significant differences in the total sourness, pH, sugar percentage, and total sugar content of grapes between treated parcels and control were not observed. The control of C. vitis with spirodiclofen and sulfur is effective to reduce losses on yield and will not affect the population of Phytoseiids. The control of C. vitis should be carried out at the beginning of infestation with rotation of active ingredients. Termos para indexação: Chemical Control, Acaricides, Vitis vinifera, Grapevine Rust Mite. ). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na acidez total, pH, percentual de açúcar e açúcar total da uva entre as parcelas tratadas e a testemunha. O controle de C. vitis com espirodiclofeno e enxofre é eficaz para reduzir perdas de produção e não prejudica a população de fitoseídeos. As pulverizações para controle de C. vitis devem ser realizadas no início da infestação e com alternância de acaricidas. Termos para indexação: Controle Químico, Acaricidas, Vitis vinifera, Ácaro-da-ferrugem-da-videira. EFEITO DE ACARICIDAS SOBRE