Selectivity of pesticides used in peach orchards on the larval stage of the predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen)

Abstract

The selectivity of sixteen pesticides used in peach orchards in Brazil was evaluated on larvae of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in laboratory (25±1ºC, 70±10% RH and 14 hours photophase). The bioassays consisted on the exposure of larvae to fresh dry pesticide film applied on glass plates. Lenght of each development stage, the mortality, the fecundity and fertility of survival adults were evaluated. Pesticides were classified according to the total toxic effect in harmless (<30%), slightly harmful (30-79%), moderately harmful (80-99%) and harmful (>99%), in conformity to "International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants" (IOBC) recommendation. Only abamectin and deltamethrin caused significant prolongation in the post embryonic period. Fecundity and fertility of survival adults were not affected by any pesticide tested. The acaricide/insecticide abamectin, the two mineral oils, the fungicides mancozeb, dodine, azoxystrobin, captan, mancozeb + cooper oxichloride and pholpet, and the herbicide ghlyphosate were harmless; the fungicide tebuconazole was slightly harmful; the insecticide deltamethrin was moderately harmful; and the insecticides malathion, dimethoate and phosmet, and the herbicide paraquat dichloride were harmful to C. externa larvae.

Toxic effects of 12 pesticides on green lacewing,Chrysoperla nipponensis(Okamoto) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

“…This lack of negative effects is attributed to higher adult emergence. Similar to the results of our study, Godoy et al (2004) and Castilhos et al (2013) obtained mortalities of 100% and 94.6%, respectively, for exposure of 1st-instar C. externa larvae to deltamethrin.…”

“…Nasreen et al (2005a) and Toda and Kashio (1997) also found that fungicides had no toxic effects on larvae of C. carnea at any stage. A similar result was also obtained by Castilhos et al (2013).…”

“…; Castilhos et al . ); C. rufilabris (Chen & Liu ; Liu & Chen ); C. perla (Raudonis et al . ); C. scelestes (Krishnamoorthy ; Patel & Vyas ); and Malladad boninensis (Mani ).…”

“…This advantage could enhance their use in IPM programs. There are several research papers reporting the effects of various commonly used pesticides on the performance of Chrysoperla carnea (Vogt et al 1998(Vogt et al , 2000Medina et al 2003;Nasreen et al 2005b;Mandour 2009;Castilhos et al 2013); C. rufilabris (Chen & Liu 2002;Liu & Chen 2001); C. perla (Raudonis et al 2010); C. scelestes (Krishnamoorthy 1985;Patel & Vyas 1985); and Malladad boninensis (Mani 1993).…”

Resistance Potential of &lt;i&gt;Chrysoperla carnea&lt;/i&gt; (Stephens) to Insecticides Used Against Sucking Complex of Cotton

“…Theoretically, few studies have been addressed that all developmental stages (eggs, larva, pupa, and adult) of green lacewing are susceptible to insecticides, the exposure may lead to lethal and sub-lethal effects [7,12]. Most of the studies highlighted lethal and sub-lethal effects of selective insecticides on larvae and adult lacewing [13][14][15], and some have focused on eggs and pupae that can be considered more tolerant to insecticides [6,16,17].…”