The objective of the study was to report on a fatal case of feline toxoplasmosis with coinfection with the feline leukemia virus (FeLV). A domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) presented intense dyspnea and died three days later. In the necropsy, the lungs were firm, without collapse and with many white areas; moderate lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly were also observed. The histopathological examination showed severe necrotic interstitial bronchopneumonia and mild necrotic hepatitis, associated with intralesional cysts and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii that were positive by anti-T. gondii immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation. The bone marrow showed chronic myeloid leukemia and the neoplastic cells were positive by anti-FeLV IHC evaluation. DNA extracted from lungs was positive for T. gondii by PCR targeting REP-529. T. gondii was characterized by PCR-RFLP and by the microsatellites technique. ToxoDB-PCR-RFLP #10, i.e. the archetypal type I, was identified. Microsatellite analysis showed that the strain was a variant of type I with two atypical alleles. This was the first time that a T. gondii clonal type I genotype was correlated with a case of acute toxoplasmosis in a host in Brazil.Keywords: Felis silvestris catus, FeLV, genotyping, immunohistochemistry, microsatellite markers. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de toxoplasmose felina fatal com coinfecção com o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV). Um gato doméstico (Felis silvestris catus) apresentou intensa dispneia e morreu três dias depois. Na necropsia, observaram-se pulmões firmes, não colabados e com múltiplas áreas brancas, além de linfoadenomegalia e esplenomegalia moderadas. No exame histopatológico, evidenciaram-se broncopneumonia intersticial necrótica acentuada e hepatite necrótica discreta associada a cistos e taquizoítas de T. gondii intralesionais positivos na imuno-histoquímica (IHC) anti-T. gondii. Evidenciou-se ainda, na medula óssea, leucemia mieloide crônica com IHC anti-FeLV positiva nas células neoplásicas. O DNA extraído dos pulmões foi positivo para T. gondii por meio da PCR-REP-529. T. gondii foi caracterizado por PCR-RFLP e pela técnica de microssatélites. Foi identificado o genótipo ToxoDB-PCR-RFLP #10, i.e., o arquétipo tipo I. A análise por microssatélites mostrou que a cepa era uma variante do tipo I, com dois alelos atípicos. Esta é a primeira vez que T. gondii clonal tipo I foi relacionado com um caso agudo de toxoplasmosis em um hospedeiro no Brasil.
This article reports a case of a bitch, Poodle, INTRODUÇÃOAs alterações pulmonares representam cerca de 4% da casuística em clínica médica de pequenos animais. Os principais exames complementares utilizados em seu diagnóstico incluem a radiografia torácica, o lavado traqueal, o lavado broncoalveolar, a broncoscopia, a punção aspirativa transtorácica por agulha fina e a biópsia transtorácica ou com toracotomia (Hawkins et al
Este estudo teve como principal objetivo determinar a ocorrência de parvovirose e cinomose nos cães atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Para isso, foram revisados 3198 prontuários de consultas clínicas de cães, arquivados no HCV, do período de fevereiro de 2013 a julho de 2015. Entre os prontuários revisados, 145 (4,53%) foram diagnosticados com parvovirose (76 [2,38%]) ou cinomose (69 [2,15%]). Os sinais clínicos mais encontrados de cada doença foram: para a parvovirose, os sinais gastrointestinais (76 [100%]), dos quais a hematoquezia foi a mais observada (74 [97,37%]); para a cinomose, os sinais neurológicos (48 [69,56%]), sendo a mioclonia de maior ocorrência (31 [64,58%]). Com relação aos resultados do hemograma, a alteração mais encontrada na parvovirose foi a leucopenia por neutropenia e linfopenia (20 [71,43%]), já na cinomose foi a linfopenia (28 [59,57%]). Também foram observadas a ocorrência de cinomose e parvovirose de acordo com alguns critérios de seleção, como raça, idade, sexo, acesso à rua, contato com outros animais e status de vacinação. Apresentaram maior ocorrência destas doenças os cães jovens, não vacinados e com acesso livre à rua. No âmbito geral, as doenças infecciosas virais na população em estudo se mostraram de baixa ocorrência, sendo a parvovirose a mais relatada.
A 7-month-old miniature poodle female dog was referred with dysphagia. After clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic examination, it was diagnosed a probable case of cricopharyngeal achalasia. The patient underwent surgical treatment and presented normal swallowing and no regurgitation after 24 hours postsurgery. Positive recovery and progressive body weight gain until 180 days after surgery was observed.Keywords: dog, cricopharyngeal achalasia, dysphagia, regurgitation, surgery RESUMO Uma cadela da raça poodle miniatura com sete meses de idade foi atendida no Hospital
Eosinophils are cells of the immune system that have several important functions including phagocytosis of microorganisms, antigen presentation, contribution to chronic inflammation, and immunity against parasites. The hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disease in humans that is characterized by persistent eosinophilia (over six months) and variable eosinophil infiltration in organs such as the lungs, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the tissues, these cells can cause damage by various mechanisms such as release of cytotoxic oxygen free radical and proteins. No etiology has yet been established for HES. The clinical signs vary and relate to the organs involved. In veterinary medicine, the disease has been described in cats, but rarely in dogs, with Rottweilers apparently more predisposed to developing the disease. Owing to the small number of cases reported in the veterinary literature, the prognosis of this disease and the most appropriate treatment options are unclear. Although it can be fatal in animals showing severe clinical symptoms, spontaneous remission may also occur. This study reports a case of HES in a Rottweiler in which the predominant clinical sign was abdominal effusion. We discuss the clinical and laboratory aspects of the disease. Key words: Abdominal effusion. Dog. Eosinophils. ResumoOs eosinófilos são células do sistema imunológico que tem importantes funções, tais como fagocitose de micro-organismos, apresentação de antígenos, contribuição para a cronicidade do processo inflamatório e imunidade contra parasitas. A síndrome hipereosinofílica (SHE) é uma enfermidade rara que acomete seres humanos, caracterizada por eosinofilia periférica persistente (acima de seis meses) e infiltração variável de eosinófilos em diferentes órgãos, como pulmão, baço, fígado, linfonodos, medula óssea e o trato gastrointestinal. Uma vez nos tecidos, essas células causam danos por diversos mecanismos, como liberação de proteínas citotóxicas e radicais livres de oxigênio. Não é possível identificar uma etiologia nos casos de SHE. Os sinais clínicos são variáveis, e diretamente relacionados com os órgãos acometidos. Em medicina veterinária, a moléstia já foi descrita em felinos, mas raramente em cães, sendo que animais da raça Rottweiler são mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento da doença. Em função do pequeno número de casos descritos na literatura veterinária, a evolução da doença e as opções mais apropriadas de tratamento são pouco conhecidas. Embora alguns animais apresentem sinais clínicos graves, podendo evoluir para o óbito, a remissão espontânea também pode ocorrer. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de SHE com sinal clínico predominante de efusão abdominal em um filhote de cão da raça Rottweiler, abordando aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais da enfermidade. Palavras-chave: Cão. Efusão abdominal. Eosinófilos.
Background: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is clinically important retroviruses that infect domestic and wild feline worldwide, affecting more than 3 million cats representing a great risk for premature death. Some studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, as well as the adenosinergic system, exert an important role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Oxidative stress is considered a disturbance in the antioxidant/oxidant status in favor of the excessive generation or lower removal of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes on the adenosinergic system and oxidative stress occurred in cats positives for feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-nine serum samples of cats (between 4 months and 13 years of age) seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC -Lages, SC, Brazil) were used. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and stored in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum. An aliquot was used to detect both viral infections using the kit SNAP FIV/FeLV, that detects the p27 protein from FeLV and antibodies against the p24 protein from FIV. The test was performed according the manufacture's recommendations. Based on this result, this study involved 20 FeLV negative cats, 20 FeLV positive symptomatic cats, and 9 FeLV positives asymptomatic cats. Serum samples were used to determine the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen levels (ROS). Seric ADA and GST activities, as well as TBARS (lipid peroxidation) and ROS (free radical) levels were determined spectrophotometrically according to the specific method. Seric ADA activity was increased in symptomatic animals compared to negatives and also to asymptomatic positive animals, and the same was observed for seric TBARS levels. On the other hand, GST activity decreased in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups compared to the negative control group. No difference was observed regarding seric ROS levels. Discussion: The upregulation of seric ADA activity observed in this present study could contribute to the inflammatory process since it would decrease seric levels of Ado, a nucleoside with anti-inflammatory effects. Lipids, especially the polyunsaturated fatty acids, are sensitive to oxidation by free radicals, generating MDA, and cause to increase of TBARS levels. A significant negative correlation between lipid peroxidation and ADA activity in kidney samples of rats experimentally infected by protozoan, and these authors demonstrated that increase on lipid peroxidation is linked to decreased ADA activity. The reduction on seric GST activity can be explained since the antioxidant enzyme was unable to remove the excess of peroxides and superoxide anion, resulting on decreased cellular antioxidant activity. Based on these evidences, it is possible to conclude that symptomatic FeLV cats showed an upregulation on seric AD...
RESUMOOs gatos estão entre os animais de estimação mais comuns no mundo inteiro e é cada vez mais estreito o seu convívio com os humanos, o que torna os estudos epidemiológicos relativos às doenças que afetam essa espécie de grande importância. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência de doenças infecciosas em gatos atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), no município de Lages, assim como identificar os principais sinais clínicos apresentados por cada uma destas. Para isso, foram revisados 825 prontuários de consultas . Também foi obtida a ocorrência das doenças infecciosas de acordo com alguns critérios de seleção, como raça, idade, sexo, acesso à rua, contato com outros animais e status de vacinação. Gatos machos, não vacinados, com acesso livre à rua e contato direto com outros felinos estiveram em maior número dentre os doentes, o que demonstra a íntima relação da falta de cuidados básicos de saúde desses animais com a ocorrência das doenças infecciosas na espécie. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: FeLV, vírus, felinos, agentes infecciosos. ABSTRACTCats are among the most common pets in the world. The close relationship between human beings and cats supports the importance of epidemiologic studies on feline diseases. Therefore, this study showed the occurrence of infectious diseases in cats at the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), in Lages (SC, Brazil), as well as identifying the major clinical signs presented in each affection. Hence, 825 medical records were reviewed, from February 2013 to July 2015. Among the reviewed records, 20/285 (2,42%) were diagnosed with infectious diseases. The distribution of infectious diseases was: viral 12/20 (60,00%); bacterial 4/20 (20,00%); fungal 3/20 (15,00%) and caused by protozoa 1/20 (5,00%). Among these infectious diseases, the most diagnosed agent was Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) [12/20 (60,00%)]. The most observed clinical signs were anemia (6/12 [50,00%]), followed by leukemia (4/12 [33,33%]) and lymphoma (2/12 [16,67%]). The study also showed the occurrence of infectious diseases according to some selection standards, for instance, breed, age, sex, outdoor access, inhabiting with other pets and vaccination status. The most affected group of animals were non-vaccinated male cats, which had direct contact with other felines and outdoor access, demonstrating the close relationship between the lack of health care and the occurrence of feline infectious diseases.
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