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Pelvic tuberculosis is a type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The disease is accompanied by clinical and laboratory findings which may be unspecific and present aspects of other diseases, including gynecological malignancies. In this report, the authors presented a case of pelvic tuberculosis associated with peritoneal tuberculosis in a young woman exhibiting imaging and tumor markers consistent with ovarian neoplasm. An intraoperative frozen section analysis detected atypical cells that were suggestive of ovarian borderline or malignant epithelial neoplasia. The pathological analysis showed granulomatous inflammation in the right ovary and fallopian tube with a pattern of mycobacteriosis that was consistent with the presence of mycobacteria morphologically compatible with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient had a complete remission after the use of antituberculosis drugs.

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Endometriosis is a benign disease of the female genital tract that is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue, and may diffusely manifest in pelvic implants and localizedly, as in ovarian endometrioma. It is a chronic disease and difficult to diagnose. 1 Ovarian endometriomas are cystic masses with chocolate-like content, 2 found in 17%-44% of patients diagnosed with endometriosis. 3 Although endometriosis is considered a benign condition due to its normal histology, molecular data strongly demonstrate that