Considerando a necessidade de uma atuação mais pró-ativa dos psicólogos escolares, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar, com foco no processamento de informação social, uma amostra de cem livros de histórias infantis nacionais dirigidos a pré-escolares de 4 a 6 anos. Os livros foram analisados considerando a ocorrência dos seis componentes de um programa estadunidense de redução do comportamento agressivo por meio de histórias infantis. Os resultados mostraram que 32% dos livros apresentaram um repertório relevante e 47% evidenciaram um repertório significativo de pistas sociais, apontando para a viabilidade da utilização dos livros infantis nacionais como recurso para promover o desenvolvimento sociocognitivo e prevenir comportamentos agressivos e antissociais no contexto educativo.
Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar a ocorrência de termos/expressões que denotam estados mentais e analisar uma amostra de 100 livros de histórias infantis nacionais dirigidas a pré-escolares de 4 a 6 anos com foco no processamento de informação social. Os livros foram codificados a partir de três eixos de análise: via palavras e expressões no texto, via figuras; e presença de ironia e crença falsa na narrativa. A análise dos termos mentais foi submetida ao julgamento de dois juízes e, posteriormente, ao teste de coeficiente de Spearman. Quanto ao processamento de informação social, a amostra de livros foi analisada considerando a ocorrência dos seis componentes de um programa estadunidense de redução do comportamento agressivo por meio de histórias infantis. Os resultados apontam a viabilidade da utilização dos livros infantis nacionais como recurso para promover o desenvolvimento sociocognitivo e prevenir comportamentos agressivos e anti-sociais no contexto educativo.
RESUMO O Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais (THS) constitui um campo teóricoprático de conhecimento acerca do desempenho social. Além disso, é composto por diferentes abordagens teóricas e técnicas de intervenção nelas fundamentadas. Dentre os diferentes métodos utilizados no treinamento destaca-se o método vivencial, foco deste trabalho que tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de construção desse método, em termos teóricos e práticos, bem como em termos de sua concepção e utilização na atualidade. Propõe-se também realizar uma análise crítica pertinente a sistematização das vivências e ampliação do emprego das mesmas favorecendo o aprimoramento do método vivencial. Com base nas análises realizadas, pode-se supor que o método vivencial tende a se ampliar tanto na aplicação por profissionais da Psicologia e áreas afins, bem como em termos de sistematização do conhecimento produzido.
Veterinary physiology is a basic curricular unit for every course within the veterinary field. It is mandatory to understand how the animal body works, and what to expect of a healthy body, in order to recognize any misfunction, and to be able to treat it. Classic physiology teaching involves wet labs, much equipment, many reagents, some animals, and a lot of time. But times are changing. In the 21st century, it is expected that the teaching and learning process can be more active and attractive, motivating students to learn better. It is necessary to understand what students like, and to introduce novelties into the school routine. The use of a game-based learning, using “new” technologies, creating virtual experiences and labs, reducing the costs of reagents, equipment, and especially reducing the use of animals, will be the future for physiology teaching.
ResumoIntroduction: Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is associated with a wide range of pathophysiology including obstructive shock, hypovolemia, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal and renal dysfunction [1]. Diagnosis will be made using X-ray or ultrasound imaging. After repositioning the stomach, the operation performed is a gastropexy. Each method of gastropexy has benefits and disadvantages, with different effectiveness. Gastropexy is an operation that can be used to prevent a first torsion, especially when dogs undergo splenectomy, or to avoid a reoccurrence [2]. Post-operative management is critical to avoid complications which are responsible for the majority of deaths. The treatment is very broad as it is necessary to comprise different conditions, such as renal insufficiency, cardiac problems or post-ischemic lesions for example [3]. GDV is a pathology that mainly affects dogs and can be fatal. Three types of torsion are known: the organoaxial, the mesenteroaxial, or in both planes [4]. The predetermining factors for this disease include large and very large breeds, age, sex, temperament, stress or stretching of the hepatogastric ligament [5]. Objectives: The aim of this article is to understand the causes and factors of GDV and to study the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, post-operative management and treatment. Methods: Literature revision. Conclusions: GDV is a critical syndrome that can be fatal but it can be treated. The predisposing factors of this syndrome make it possible to perform preventive gastropexy, and avoiding complications which increase the risk of death. Post-operative monitoring is fundamental as most losses do not occur during operations but afterwards, due to complications. Monitoring of vital indicators, biochemical tests, antibiotics and analgesics are therefore essential.Introduction: Wild animals' intentional poisoning of is a crime in the EU (and Portugal), even though these practices are still used to eliminate some individuals from agricultural areas, and some of these intoxication events are
The development of cancer associated with exposure to chemical carcinogens is a reality and existing knowledge of these cancers is based on epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies. Chemical carcinogens are present virtually everywhere and humans can be exposed to these compounds in food, air, water, their environment, or their workplace. This chapter is concerned with the main types of exogenous chemical carcinogens, how they are classified and their modes of action, absorption, and metabolism, as well as the principal tests available for evaluating their carcinogenicity. Only exogenous chemicals are considered in this chapter, since exogenous chemical carcinogens may be the major contributors to human cancer.
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