Background:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown remarkable beneficial effects without any major adverse reactions in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. The growth factors in activated autologous PRP induce the proliferation of dermal papilla cells.Objectives:The objective was to investigate the clinical efficacy of PRP in treatment of androgenic alopecia.Materials and Methods:Ten patients were given autologous PRP injections on the affected area of alopecia over a period of 3 months at interval of 2-3 weeks and results were assessed.Results:Three months after the treatment, the patients presented clinical improvement in the hair counts, hair thickness, hair root strength, and overall alopecia.Conclusion:PRP appears to be a cheap, effective, and promising therapy for androgenic alopecia with no major adverse effects.

Background & objectives:Pre-extensively drug resistant (pre-XDR) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have been areas of growing concern, and are posing threat to global efforts of TB control. The present study was planned to study the presence of pre-XDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their genotypes in clinical isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB.Methods:A total of 219 isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB were subjected to first-line (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol) and second-line (ofloxacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and amikacin) drug susceptibility testing on solid Lowenstein-Jensen medium by proportion method. Genotyping was done for pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates using 12 loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR).Results:Multi-drug resistance was observed in 39.7 per cent (87/219) isolates. Pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis isolates amongst 87 multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB isolates were 43 (49.4%) and 10 (11.4%), respectively. Two most dominant genotypes among pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis isolates were Beijing and Delhi/CAS types.Interpretation & conclusions:Resistance to second-line anti-tubercular drugs should be routinely assessed in areas endemic for TB. Similar genotype patterns were seen in pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates. Beijing and Delhi/CAS were predominant genotypes.

Two cases of fetus-in-fetu, on which we performed surgery in 2003 and 2006, are being reported. Both the cases presented with a lump in the abdomen. Radiology confirmed the diagnosis. The lumps were found in the retroperitoneum and successfully excised. Because of the rarity of the condition, these two cases are being reported with relevant salient features and are discussed in the light of available literature.

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BACKGROUND FNAC provides an alternative to excision biopsy for lymph nodes and is an easy procedure for collection of material for cytomorphological and bacteriological examination. Aims and Objectives-To analyse the utility and diagnostic importance of FNAC in lymph node disease. To assess the cytomorphological features and incidence of various lymph nodes diseases on FNAC. To study the cytomorphological pattern of tuberculous lymphadenitis in the population in and around SIMS. To correlate the acid fast bacilli [AFB] positivity with cytomorphological patterns.

BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition and health is considered to be the most important regulator of human foetal growth. Improved maternal nutrition has been associated with increased foetal growth and a compromised maternal health leads to adverse birth outcomes in developing countries and in population with nutritional deficiencies. Aims and Objectives-The present study evaluates the association of haemoglobin and ferritin concentration in newborn and cord blood with maternal haemoglobin and ferritin concentration in three trimesters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was observational, and design was longitudinal recruiting one hundred antenatal women in Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Hapur. The haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentration of the mother in three trimesters was compared with the same in the cord blood and newborn. Maternal venous blood was taken during the first stage of labour. Sample of cord blood was collected soon after clamping and cutting the cord (Baby safely handed over to the paediatrician). The venous blood sample of the newborn was taken after 6 hours of delivery. RESULTS Maternal haemoglobin in the first and second trimester showed positive significant correlation with cord blood haemoglobin (p<0.05). However, though the haemoglobin in third trimester showed positive correlation with cord blood, it was not significant. Correlation of haemoglobin in the first trimester was positive with the newborn haemoglobin (p= 0.15). Haemoglobin in the second and third trimester showed positive correlations with newborn haemoglobin and that too significant. Haemoglobin status ranged from 9.0-12.3 mg/dL, 8.20-11.50 mg/dL and 7.5-10.8 mg/dL in the first, second and third trimester respectively. The mean haemoglobin concentration of study group during the first stage of labour was 8.7 ± 1.0 mg/dL. The mean haemoglobin concentration of cord blood was 14.1 ± 1.2 mg/dL, whereas it was 17.3 ± 1.9 mg/dL in newborn. While the mean maternal ferritin was 17.37 ± 2.02 (normal= 12 to 150 ng/mL) and cord blood ferritin was 15.89 ± 0.58. CONCLUSION The findings suggest the requirement for establishing new strategies for ensuring that mothers take iron supplementation regularly and establishing nutritional education programs to improve the dietary intake of pregnant mothers. Also, regular investigations of pregnant mothers for Hb and other blood indices as well as ferritin should be performed. Awareness programs for medical staff concerning anaemia of pregnancy should be undertaken. Also, other research studies are needed to establish the normal values of anaemia indices in normal pregnant women and their babies.