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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two sub-periods of the calving season and two cow maturity stages on the efficiency of beef cows and their calves. A total of 159 cow-calf pairs were divided by calving time (early or late) within the calving season and maturity stage (young or adult). Calves were weaned at 42 or 63 days after birth and evaluated until 210 days of age. Cows and calves had their development examined based on their weight and body condition score at calving, at weaning, and at 210 days. Reproductive performance was evaluated on the basis of time to become pregnant again. Milk yield was assessed by the direct method on three occasions spaced 21 days apart. Adult cows were heavier than young cows, at calving (398.5 vs 327.5 kg, respectively), weaning (397.3 vs 324.1 kg, respectively) at the end breeding season (424.1 vs 342.1 kg, respectively). Reproductive performance was influenced by calving time. Adult cows had higher pregnancy rates (83.75 and 69.17%, for early and for late calving, respectively) than young cows (57.03 and 35.01% for early and for late-calving, respectively). Calves from early-calving young cows weighed 158.8 kg at 210 days of age vs. 123.7 kg for those born from late-calving adult cows. However, latecalving cows produced 10.7% more milk than those that calved early in the season (227.0 vs 205.0 liters, respectively). Early calving associated with non-requirement of growth determine higher productivity efficiency in beef cows.

This study was developed to evaluate productive efficiency during the lactation period of cows with predominant Nellore genetic composition based on their body size. Cows were divided into the following categories: light (≤ 316 kg), moderate (≥ 317 and ≤ 400 kg), or heavy (≥ 401 kg). Body weight change and total gain from birth to 210 days of age of calves born from heavy cows (0.155±0.03 and 111.6±5.1 kg) were higher than those of calves born from light (0.064±0.03 and 91.0±4.3 kg) and moderate (0.144±0.03 and 97.7±4.0 kg) cows. Calf production index differed (p < 0.05) with the herd of heavy cows (93.5±3.2 kg), producing 57.4 and 19.7% more kilograms of calf than light (59.4±2.7 kg) and moderate (78.1±2.4 kg) cows, respectively. Heavy Nellore cows produce heavier calves and have a better reproductive performance, which lead to a better calf production index. However, they require a larger area for the same herbage allowance. Calves born from heavier Nellore cows gain more weight from birth to 210 days of age and are heavier from 210 to 270 days of age.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia de diferentes fármacos no controle parasitário em ovinos do Centro Agropecuário da Palma, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Pelotas, localizado no município de Capão do Leão, RS. Foram utilizadas setenta e oito fêmeas das raças Corriedale e Ideal, com peso corporal inicial de 48,35 ± 4,71 kg, selecionadas aleatoriamente e distribuídas em seis grupos, um tratamento controle e os demais tratados com nitroxinil 34%, cloridrato de levamisol 18,8%, closantel 10%, moxidectina 1% e fenbendazole 10%. Os produtos foram administrados de acordo com as recomendações dos fabricantes. Amostras fecais foram coletadas no pré (dia 0) e no pós-tratamento (7º, 14º, 21º e 28º dias) e utilizadas para contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) nos distintos grupos. A eficácia foi avaliada através dos testes de percentual de redução de OPG e percentual de eficácia dos medicamentos. Amostras fecais foram submetidas à coprocultura para identificação dos gêneros de parasitos presentes no rebanho. Os percentuais de eficácia observados no 28º dia pós-tratamento foram: 96,93% para o nitroxinil, 95,80% para o cloridrato de levamisol, 95,50% para o closantel, 80,20% para a moxidectina e 27,50% para o fenbendazole. Os nematódeos presentes no rebanho foram Haemonchus spp. (100%). Conclui-se que os princípios nitroxinil, closantel e cloridrato de levamisol são eficientes na eliminação de nematódeos gastrintestinais. Há resistência anti-helmíntica aos fármacos moxidectina e fenbendazole.Palavras-chave: controle de parasitas, doenças de ovinos, resistência a vermífugos, tratamento de helmintoses. COMPARATIVE ANTHELMINTHIC EFFICACY OF NITROXYNIL, LEVAMISOLE, CLOSANTEL, MOXIDECTIN AND FENBENDAZOLE ON PARASITE CONTROL IN SHEEPABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different drugs in the control of parasites of sheep belonging to the Centro Agropecuário da Palma, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, municipality of Capão do Leão, RS. Seventy-eight female Corriedale and Ideal sheep with an initial body weight of 48.35 ± 4.71 kg were randomly selected and divided into six groups submitted to the following treatments: control treatment and treated with 34%nitroxynil, 18.8% levamisole hydrochloride, 10% closantel, 1% moxidectin, and 10% fenbendazole. The drugs were administered according to the recommendations of the manufacturers. Fecal samples were collected before (day 0) and after treatment (days 7, 4, 21 and 28) and were used for the determination of fecal egg count (FEC) in the different groups. Efficacy was evaluated based on the percentage reduction in FEC and percent efficacy of the drugs. The fecal samples were processed for coproculture to identify the parasite genera present in the herd. The percentages of efficacy observed on day 28 post-treatment were 96.93% for nitroxynil, 95.8% for levamisole hydrochloride, 95.5% for closantel, 80.2% for moxidectin, and 27.5% for fenbendazole. The nematode species present in the herd was Haemonchus spp. (100%). Nitroxynil, closantel and levamisol...

The objective was to evaluate the development and reproductive performance of beef cows of different body weights at calving were evaluated. Milk yield and calf production efficiency were assessed in secundiparous Braford cows classified at calving according to weight as Light (325.2±3.7 kg), Moderate (347.7±4.0 kg), and Heavy (384.2±4.1 kg). Heavy cows had higher total milk yield than Light cows, but did not differ from Moderate, reflecting in calves weighing at weaning 82.1, 76.6, and 76.9 kg, respectively. Differences on pregnancy rates for Light (90.0%, 18 pregnant cows/2 of eligible cows), Moderate (70.2%, 12 pregnant cows/5 of eligible cows), and Heavy (62.5%, 10 pregnant cows/6 of eligible cows) were not detected. Light cows were more productive and efficient when production performance was adjusted for the pregnancy rates than Moderate and Heavy cows. Production of kilograms of calves adjusted for pregnancy was 20.5, 16.2±0.5, and 14.0±0.5 kg for the Light, Moderate, and Heavy cows, respectively. Heavy and Moderate cows were less efficient as compared with the Light ones for production of calves adjusted for their calving interval. Light cows produce more kilograms of calf/cow, requiring the same amount of milk to produce one kilogram of calf. Light cows also have higher efficiency converting milk into calf weight than Moderate and Heavy cows. The productivity and efficiency of breeding herds should be evaluated by the combination of pregnancy rate and kilograms of weaned calves per cow exposed to breeding.

Fatores que afetam a comercialização de bezerros em leilões na região Sul do Estado do RioGrande do Sul, Brasil [Factors affecting the commercialization of calves in auctions in the southern region of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil] "Artigo Científico/Scientific Article" Resumo A rentabilidade dos sistemas de cria bovina é dependente de um conjunto de fatores que atuam em sinergismo. No entanto, ao analisarmos esses elementos isoladamente, o preço de comercialização adquire maior impacto sobre as receitas da atividade. Neste contexto, objetivou-se verificar a influência de características fenotípicas e do período de comercialização (outono e primavera), no preço de bezerros comercializados na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletados dados de 50 lotes de bezerros, perfazendo um total de 586 animais, previamente e durante o processo de comercialização em leilões realizados no ano de 2017. A uniformidade de estrutura corporal do lote não influenciou o número de lances, a liquidez e o preço final obtido por quilograma dos bezerros (p>0,05). A uniformidade de padrão racial influenciou o número de lances recebidos pelos lotes de bezerros machos (p<0,05). Fêmeas foram mais valorizadas no período do outono (p<0,05). Fêmeas Brangus foram mais valorizadas em relação às Braford e Devon (p<0,05). Fêmeas leves (≤150 kg) receberam maior preço comparadas às mais pesadas (>180kg). Machos de pesos intermediários (150 a 180 kg) foram mais valorizados que os pesados (>180 kg). O preço praticado pelos machos foi 8,61% superior ao das fêmeas.Conclui-se que lotes de animais mais uniformes quanto às características raciais recebem maior valorização durante a comercialização. As faixas de peso interferem no preço de venda, sendo os animais mais pesados os menos valorizados. O período de comercialização e a raça dos animais interferem no preço por unidade de peso das fêmeas.Palavras-chave: bovinos de corte; sistema de cria; venda; características fenotípicas. AbstractProfitability of cow-calf systems is dependent on a set of factors that act in synergism. However, when we analyze these elements in isolation, the commercialization price acquires greater impact on the activity revenue. In this context, the aim of this study was to verify the effect of phenotypic characteristics and commercialization period (autumn and spring) on the price of commercialized calves in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected from 50 calf lots, totaling 586 animals, previously and during the commercialization process in auctions performed in the year 2017. Body structure uniformity within a lot did not influence the number of bids, the liquidity and the final price obtained per kilogram of the calves (p>0.05). Females had a higher price in the autumn period (p<0.05). Brangus females had a higher price than Braford and Devon females (p<0.05). Lightweight females (≤150 kg) had a higher price than the heavier females (>180 kg). Intermediate weight males (150 to 180 kg) had a higher price than heavy males (>180). The...

O clima e as condições às quais os animais são expostos no período que antecede o abate impactam de maneira marcante na qualidade da carne, aspecto que adquire maior importância devido às recentes mudanças climáticas e às previsões de aumento no aquecimento global. Neste contexto, a presente revisão tem como objetivo abordar as principais características qualitativas da carcaça e da carne ovina, buscando relacioná-las com os efeitos do clima e do estresse térmico no pré-abate. Dentre as variáveis climáticas, temperatura e umidade do ar elevadas, em especial, apresentam efeitos marcantes na qualidade da carne. Essas condições climáticas, quando em graus elevados, ocasionam um desequilíbrio fisiológico que tem efeito direto sobre as reservas de glicogênio muscular, responsável pelas reações bioquímicas post mortem, afetando as características físicas, químicas e sensoriais da carne. É necessário adequar práticas de manejo e instalações almejando, a priori, a obtenção de melhores condições de bem-estar dos animais frente às condições climáticas estressantes, favorecendo assim, a obtenção de carcaças e de carnes com atributos sensoriais favoráveis do ponto de vista dos consumidores.

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