The article presents the general characteristics of road transport safety in Poland over the years 2009-2019. The key objective of this study was to investigate the main factors of road accidents in Poland. Up till now, the number of road accidents has been analysed in detail on the basis of data on collisions from rear, side and frontal perspective. Moreover, in the article, statistics regarding the number of perpetrators of accidents by gender and age are summarized, as well as dynamics aspects of changes related to new passenger vehicles and trucks in Poland in 2009-2019 are indicated. As a result, the intensity of rear collisions rather than frontal collisions is apparent. Hence, an inconspicuous rear collision by not braking a speeding vehicle carries a risk of the upper cervical spine.
A vehicle’s longitudinal acceleration is one the parameters that characterize a vehicle’s motion dynamics and used, among others, to assess the comfort of public bus passengers. Rapid acceleration and braking performed by urban bus drivers can be deemed by passengers as uncomfortable and dangerous in some situations, especially for standing passengers. This paper presents an analysis of a public bus’s longitudinal acceleration recorded during extreme acceleration and braking attempts. The experimental tests were conducted on dry and wet asphalt and concrete surfaces. The test results allow for the statement that lateral acceleration depends largely on the road’s surface and its type. The maximum longitudinal acceleration values during rapid acceleration, depending on the surface, are within the narrow range of 2.18-2.81 m/s2. During braking, a public bus’s minimum longitudinal acceleration was within the range of -5.58÷-8.54 m/s2.
The development of electromobility in Poland and the whole world is an inevitable process. Every year, electric vehicles and vehicles powered by renewable fuels become more and more popular. It should be noted that the development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and the pursued environmental policy with the related subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles are an important aspect encouraging the purchase of this type of vehicle. The article presents a comparison of the popularity of vehicles powered by renewable energy sources in Poland and other European Union countries, as well as the characteristics of the most common alternative fuels. Its main objective is to specify the importance of passenger cars with alternative drive sources across the selected EU countries.
The paper aims to analyse the longitudinal acceleration of a tourist coach on various road pavements. As part of the experimental research, braking tests were carried out at a speed of 30 km/h and acceleration to a speed of 30 km/h. The tests were carried out on four types of pavement, i.e. dry and wet asphalt and dry and wet concrete. The article describes the impact of road conditions on the braking and acceleration performance on selected road pavement types. To increase the reliability of the test results, ten tests were carried out for each tested pavement. Based on the test results, graphs of braking decelerations and accelerations during accelerating the vehicle as a function of time. This allowed for statistical analysis of the recorded decelerations and accelerations.
A vehicle’s longitudinal acceleration is a parameter often used for determining vehicle motion dynamics. This parameter can also be used to evaluate driver behavior and passenger comfort analysis. The paper presents the results of longitudinal acceleration tests of city buses and coaches recorded during rapid acceleration and braking maneuvers. The presented test results demonstrate that longitudinal acceleration is significantly affected by road conditions and surface type. In addition, the paper presents the values of longitudinal accelerations of city buses and coaches during their regular operation. These results were obtained on the basis of registration of vehicle traffic parameters in a continuous and long-term manner. The test results showed that the maximum deceleration values recorded during the tests of city buses and coaches in real traffic conditions were much lower than the maximum deceleration values found during sudden braking maneuvers. This proves that the tested drivers in real conditions did not have to use sudden braking. The maximum positive acceleration values recorded in acceleration maneuvers were slightly higher than the acceleration values logged during the rapid acceleration tests on the track.
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