The paper describes model tests on flood embankments, performed within the frame of EC 6th Framework Integrated Project FLOODsite (LEŚNIEWSKA et al. 2007). It is focussed mainly on presenting physical phenomena observed during the tests and related to air entrapment within embankment body and its subsequent release. The most important conclusion derived from recent tests is the existence of clear relationship between air entrapment and release and failure of internal embankment structure. Primary results of deformation of the embankment with a help of PIV analysis are also presented in the paper, showing air trapping influence on the embankment global failure mechanism.
Abstract. CSR is very fast evolving management concept in the whole world. Therefore environmental management development is one of the most important strategic directions for modern enterprises. It is particularly relevant for mining enterprises, because of their impact on the natural environment. The authors aimed to verify if this trend is reflected in polish mining companies actions. Mining companies are obligated to non-financial reporting. In the paper the level of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) usage in mining companies was considered. GRI is now the most frequently used method of non-financial reporting in the world..
Abstract:The paper presents the results of model tests conducted for a flood embankment under varying conditions of saturation. Test embankments were formed from the natural sea sand. The test apparatus consisted of the box with internal dimensions 200 × 100 × 4.5 cm , and thus ensured the implementation of the plane strain state. In most tests during watering air entrapment was observed, leading to formation of open soil discontinuities, called macropores (their dimensions many times exceeded the grain size of the soil skeleton). Analysis of images from a number of tests allowed to create a simplified model of the evolution of a macropore. The numerical model has been based on the finite element method using the PLAXIS 2D software. A comparison has been made between the observation of the phenomena occurring in the physical model and the results of the simulation of the phenomena in the numerical model. A correlation has been proven between the results acquired in reality and the results derived from the numerical model.
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