In addition to being consumed as food, caper (Capparis spinosa L.) fruits are also used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatism. C. spinosa L. is rich in phenolic compounds, making it increasingly popular because of its components' potential benefits to human health. We analyzed a number of individual phenolic compounds and investigated in vitro biological activities of C. spinosa L. Sixteen phenolic constituents were identified using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Total phenolic compounds (TPCs), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were used as determinants of antioxidant capacity. C. spinosa L. exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained high levels of antioxidant compounds. Gentisic, sinapic and benzoic acid were detected in C. spinosa L . No gallic acid, proto-catechuic acid, proto-catechuic aldehyde, chlorogenic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid or rosmarinic acid were identified. Iron and zinc were present at high levels in samples. C. spinosa L. appears to be a good source of antioxidants and minerals that might serve to protect health and combat several diseases.

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Black garlic is a processed garlic product with a moisture-controlled high temperature heat treatment for a long time. In order to determine the secondary metabolites of black garlics treated in the study, firstly, in vitro antioxidant activities of black garlics purchased from Edovital company, Kastamonu, Turkey were determined, followed by qualitative and quantitative measurement of the phenolic compound content by HPLC and finally the electronic nose analysis of the content of nebulizer vapors in wood vinegar extract of black garlics were done successfully. Chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, gallic acid contents in detected 13 phenolic acids were quitely high. All quantitative results were expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g dry matter of black garlic sample. ABTS and DPPH antioxidant activities were very low according to BHT standart and 2-Methylene-4-pentenal (18%) and Furfural (25%) were detected in high amount with electronic nose in nebulvapor contents of black garlic wood vinegar extract.

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This study describes the constituents of phenolic acids, volatile components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Teucrium orientale var. glabrescens. Antioxidant activity of methanolic and aquous extracts were examined by three different methods, namely ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The phenolic constituents were also determined by reverse phase‐high performance liquid chromatography. Solid phase microextraction of Teucrium orientale var. glabrescens was analyzed by Gas Chromatography‐Flame Ionization Dedector/Mass Spectromerty, Solid‐Phase Microextraction (GC‐FID/MS, SPME). The antimicrobial activity was studied by agar diffusion method. Extracts showed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and contained large amounts of antioxidant compounds. Rosmarinic acid, p‐coumaric acid and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid were detected in methanolic extract of plant. Aquous extract was especially effective against Mycobacterium smegmatis. The main chemical classes identified consisted of aldehydes (32.5%), hydrocarbons (29.8%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (29.8%). Common volatile components of plant detected included nonanal, thuja‐2,4 (10)‐diene and tetracosane. Practical Applications Medicinal plants are natural resources used in the treatment of various ailments. Teucrium species have been widely used in folk medicine as a remedy for gastritis, parasitic worms, colds, digestive ulcers, etc. Teucrium species are the subject of growing interest because of their biological properties. Although studies on screening the antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity of the Teucrium species have been done densely, studies on phenolic compounds of Teucrium orientale var. glabrescens are very limited. Teucrium orientale var. glabrescens extracts studied proved to be a good source of antioxidants, antimicrobial agents and volatile components that might serve to protect health and fight against several diseases.