1073 em melhoramento animal.] O Brasil possui diversidade edafoclimática e realidades socioeconômicas e políticas distintas. Isto contribui para diferenciar as regiões polí-tico administrativas do país. Objetivou-se espacializar os fatores ϐísicos, climáticos e socioeconômicos que melhor discriminam a produção de caprinos leiteiros no Brasil. Foram analisados índice de produção de leite por cabra; ín-dice de produção de caprinos; índice de produção de leite, amplitude da temperatura; temperatura média; precipitação; índice normalizado de diferença vegetativa; umidade relativa do ar; altitude; estabelecimentos agropecuários; estabelecimentos com pastagem nativa; estabelecimentos com pastagens de boa qualidade; estabelecimentos com recursos hídricos; estabelecimentos que recebem orientação técnica; estabelecimentos de agricultura familiar; estabelecimentos de agricultura não familiar e índice de desenvolvimento humano. Brazil has high climate, soil and environmental diversity, as well as distinct socioeconomic and political realities, what results in differences among the political administrative regions of the country. The objective of this study was to determine spatial distribution of the physical, climatic and socioeconomic aspects that best characterize the production of dairy goats in Brazil. Production indices of milk per goat, goat production, milk production, as well as temperature range, mean temperature, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index, relative humidity, altitude, agricultural farms; farms with native pasture, farms with good quality pasture, farms with water resources, farms that receive technical guidance, family farming properties, non-familiar farms and the human development index were evaluated. The multivariate analyses were carried out to spatialize climatic, physical and socioeconomic variables and so differenciate the Brazilian States and Regions. The highest yields of milk and goat production were observed in the Northeast. The Southeast Region had the second highest production of milk, followed by the South, Midwest and North. Multivariate analysis revealed distinctions between clusters of political-administrative regions of Brazil. The climatic variables were most important to discriminate between regions of Brazil. Therefore, it is necessary to implement animal breeding programs to meet the needs of each region.
ResumoA Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS) é um modelo de predição de perda de solo segundo um produto da erosividade da chuva, Fator R, da erodibilidade do solo, Fator K, do comprimento de rampa, Fator L, da declividade da vertente, Fator S, da cobertura e do manejo, Fator C, e das práticas conservacionistas, Fator P. Esta metodologia de predição de perda de solos, tem também tem sido utilizada como um instrumento de avaliação de risco à erosão e como medida de planejamento em bacias de uso agrícola. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as mudanças da erosão do solo na Bacia do Rio Urucuia, Minas Gerais, Brasil, através dos resultados da EUPS para 1987 e 2007. A Bacia do Rio Urucuia é tributária da Bacia do Rio São Francisco, com aproximadamente 25.000 km², contribui com 10% de vazão e 18% da carga de sedimentos. A metodologia usou o SIG para obtenção do Fator Topográfico (LS) e o Sensoriamento Remoto para a determinação dos fatores de cobertura e 57
MULTISPECTRAL ANALYSIS BY THE MULTIPLE ENDMEMBER SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS (MESMA) METHODS IN A NICKEL SUPERGENE DEPOSIT The hyperspectral remote sensing provides a large amount of data allowing the development computing methods to improve detection and quantification of the materials that compose a given scene. In that context, the Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Models (MESMA) is an approach of the Spectral Mixture Analysis, which defines the best-fit model to describe each pixel. A key problem in this method is the computational time expended. The Spectral Correlation Mapper (SCM) was applied for a pre-classification of the material in order to decrease the computational time. The MESMA routine was developed in IDL language to identify the best-fit models considering the least RMS error. This method was applied to for the Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) subscene of Niquelândia, Goiás, that includes a lateritic nickel mine. The main minerals present in the weathering profile are: pimelite, saponite, goethite, hematite and kaolinite. The results attest that the calculated relative abundance of the mineral corresponds with field data.
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