MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding endogenous RNAs 19–25 nucleotides long, which play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by targeting mRNA targets with subsequent repression of translation. MicroRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Lung cancer is usually associated with tobacco smoking. However, about 25% of lung cancer cases occur in people who have never smoked. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, asbestos has been classified as one of the cancerogenic factors for lung cancer. The mechanism of malignant transformation under the influence of asbestos is associated with the genotoxic effect of reactive oxygen species, which initiate the processes of DNA damage in the cell. However, epigenetic mechanisms such as changes in the microRNA expression profile may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung cancer. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs can serve as a biomarker of the effects of various adverse environmental factors on the human body. This review examines the role of microRNAs, the expression profile of which changes upon exposure to asbestos, in key processes of carcinogenesis, such as proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, neo-angiogenesis, and immune response avoidance.
We studied the effect of the combined action of ionizing radiation and induced immobilization stress on the lipid peroxidation process and antioxidant protection of organs (mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, adrenal glands, thymus, and liver) and immune cels - the blood lymphocytes. Results were obtained on the role of free-radical oxidation in combination with exposure to ionizing radiation and immobilization stress at an early stage in the experiment. Gamma radiation in the acute period resulted in significant changes in lipoperoxidation and antioxidant systems. The first period of immobilization stress was marked by the imbalance of LPO-AOS systems disturbance with an accumulation of toxic compounds in tissues which had affected their function. The combined sublethal gamma radiation and immobilization stress disturbed the functional activity of adaptive systems of the body in the early stage of adaptation syndrome. Furthermore, the results show the dominant role of ionizing radiation in it.
Background: Glaucoma is caused by pro-apoptotic signals targeting retinal ganglion cells. In the high-pressure glaucoma, the source of these signals is the progressive degeneration of the trabecular meshwork. The first pathogenic event affecting this tissue is oxidative damage. Accordingly, the use of anti-oxidant to counteract glaucoma pathogenic cascade is a rationale strategy to be explored. In this paper we evaluate the ability of eyedrops containing high dose of polyphenols, hyaluronic acid and fatty acids to protect trabecular meshwork from oxidative stress.Methods: Human Trabecular meshwork endothelial cells were exposed in vitro to hydrogen peroxide either in presence or absence of eyedrops containing high dose of polyphenols. Ex-vivo experiments were performed in calf eye to evaluate the ability of eyedrops to cross cornea either alone or complexed with lipid nanoparticles.The tolerability of eyedrops was tested in vivo in rabbit eye.Results: Polyphenol enriched eyedrops were highly safe when used alone not altering viability, mitochondrial function and DNA integrity of trabecular meshwork cells. Eyedrops was effective in protecting trabecular meshwork cells from oxidative stress. These characteristics were not modified when eyedrops was carried by lipid nanoparticles.In calf eye polyphenolic eyedrops were able to cross cornea, an effect counteracted by the complexation with lipid nanoparticles.In vivo in rabbit eye, eyedrops were well tolerated and persisted for 20 min on outer corneal surface, a time is increased up to 16 h by complexation with nanoparticles.Conclusions: Polyphenolic eyedrops are safe and able to protect trabecular meshwork cells from oxidative stress.
BACKGROUND: For many years, the world community has been concerned with the problem of the consequences of radiation exposure on the human body. A wide range of possible variants of radiation effects on humans and biota determines the range of necessary pharmacological means of protecting the organism and populations. In the mechanisms of the formation of radioresistance, the leading role is assigned to the processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant (AO) system. The study of the effect of such factors as radiation and immobilization stress on the body separately and in combination is relevant since the modern conditions of human habitation are characterized by high urbanization, physical inactivity, and a complex radioecological situation in a number of regions. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the role of free radical oxidation in the tissues of the adrenal glands and immunocompetent organs and cells under the combined effect of a sublethal dose of gamma radiation and immobilization stress in the experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work was carried out on 40 male Wistar rats: I-control; II-subjected to immobilization stress after 1 h; III-exposed to gamma irradiation; and IV-tested combined effects (immobilization stress and gamma radiation). Before the exposure, there was topometric-dosimetric preparation of the experimental animals. To this end, the object was placed on an isocentric therapeutic desk of Terasix X-ray simulator (Czech Republic), which is similar to the therapeutic desk of the γ-irradiator by its construction and parameters. RESULTS: The results obtained make it possible to assess the role of free radical oxidation under the combined action of ionizing radiation at a sublethal dose and immobilization stress in the experiment. The combined effect was accompanied by the accumulation of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde products in homogenates and the development of double oxidative stress in the test objects. The dominant role of ionizing radiation was revealed under the combined effects of immobilization stress and radiation factor. CONCLUSIONS: In animals of the 4th group, the state of oxidative-metabolic processes was characterized by overproduction of LPO products and subsequently by depression of AO defense. The urgency of continuing research on the combined effects of radiation and stress factors on public health and taking measures to eliminate negative effects on the population seems to be undoubted.
We studied the intensity of free radical processes in organs (liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes of the small intestine, and adrenal glands) and cells (lymphocytes) in the delayed period after combined exposure to a sublethal dose of γ-radiation (6 Gy) and asbestos dust particles. Combined exposure was followed by accumulation of LPO metabolites (diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde) in homogenates of the studied organs and resulted in antioxidant defense failure in experimental animals. Ionizing radiation have a pivotal role in these processes.
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