Aim of the research: to identify changes in the value of indicators of the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system (PAS) in the tissues of edible parts of agricultural plants under the influence of temperature changes. Methodology: Quantitative determination of indicators of the state of PAS was performed on tissue samples of edible parts of the following plants: Solánum lycopérsicum L., Сucumis sativus L., Capsicum annuum L., Solanum melongena L., Solanum tuberosum L., Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L., Daucus carota L., Beta vulgaris L., Cucurbita pepo var. Giraumontia L. The concentration of superoxide anion radical (•O2-), TBA-active products, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase, the concentration of ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) were determined. The results of the research show that hypothermia activates both parts of the PAS, however, cooling is accompanied by more powerful both low molecular weight and enzymatic antioxidant (AO) protection. The research of AO can be divided according to the degree of reduction of the protective value in hypothermia in the following series: SOD, catalase, GSH, AA. The most resistant in terms of changes in PAS to hypothermia is Solanum tuberosum L., Allium sativum L., Beta vulgaris L.; the least resistant is Capsicum annuum L., and Solánum lycopérsicum L. The generative organs of plants are less resistant to hypothermia than the vegetative ones. Practical consequences. As a result of the conducted biochemical analysis, it is established which method of storage of plant products is more effective in terms of preservation of AO activity: cooling or freezing.
The trend of development of priorities in education and training of students, secondary and higher schools in the USA and Great Britain in retrospect (XIX – early XXI centuries) is clarified. In particular, classical education is briefly described, which had a reproductive character and considered the student as a passive object of learning, which must be filled with knowledge in accordance with certain programs and methods. Classical education was represented by the following approaches: secular, theological, biographical, introspectionist, logical and methodological. American scientists noted that traditional types of Education (classical education and non-classical education) are based on the causal mechanism of the development of thought, the basis of their thinking is considered either the object of learning (classical education) or the subject of learning (non-classical education). Postnonclassical Education combines the positive aspects of traditional education in a single syzygy process of educational activity, which means constant interchangeability, on the one hand, of those who study and on the other – of those who teach. The implementation of postnonclassical education is characterized by the following modern approaches: competence-based, continuous professional improvement of teachers, situational, cultural, systematic, interdisciplinary, axiological, synergetic.
Aim of the research: to identify changes in the value of indicators of the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system (PAS) in seed tissues at rest and the initiation of its germination processes. The subject of the research is the role of individual components of the PAS in ensuring the activation of seeds before germination. Methodology. Quantitative determination of indicators of the state of PAS was performed on tissue samples of seeds of the following plants: Glycine max L., Helianthus annuus L., Fagopyrum esculentum L., Linum usitatissimum L., Sinapis alba L., Chenopodium quinoa L., Panicum miliaceum L., Oryza sativa L., Avena sativa L., Zea mays L., Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum durum Desf. The concentration of superoxide anion radical (•O2-), TBA-active products, cytochrome oxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase, the concentration of ascorbic acid, glutathione was determined. The results of the research show that for the tissues of seeds of experimental Magnoliopsida plants at rest, both links of PAS are more powerful than in Liliopsida, the level of free radical peroxidation (FRPO) is lower, which is achieved by both enzymatic and low molecular weight antioxidants (AO). Germination activation enhances both links of PAS in all experimental groups of plants, however, in Magnoliopsida, we observe the stronger generation of •O2-, and the predominance of protection by enzymatic AO, and in Liliopsida - low molecular weight.
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