The article examines the essence of the concept of «evaluation activity» and approaches to its definition. The study shows the six main types of evaluation methodologies: methodology without calculations,target methodology of formation, methodology of the final approach, target methodology of formation, finalmethodology based on the criteria and methodology of formation on the basis of the criteria. The three maincomponents of the system cycle to the organization of information support by automated information management systems of evaluation activity have been formulated and substantiated. The advantages and disadvantages of information systems and technologies used in the process of evaluation, accounting, analyticaland control in order to generate economic information have been analyzed. The problem issues were investigated and the necessity of application of information systems at the stage of transactional processes wassubstantiated. The statistical dynamics of the number of enterprises using computers and the share of theaverage number of employees (including full-time and supplementary staff members), who used the computer, in % to the average number of employees of the enterprise, was analyzed.
The existing problems of management of debts receivable, which economic entities deal with, havebeen considered in the article and the mechanism of management of debts receivable has been stated andthe stages of its implementation have been characterized.
The article analyzes the concept of innovation and innovation development. Separately the importance of innovative development for the formation of the strategy of a modern enterprise has been shown.The analysis of world innovative processes and their influence on the economy of the country has been carried out. The relationship between innovation development and state expenditures on the research work hasbeen shown. It is shown which models of an innovation policy are used in different countries of the world.The change of index of the global index of innovations in the world has been analyzed. The importance ofinternationalization of science and scientific and technological progress for the development of the modernworld economy has been emphasized. The problems that exist today in Ukraine in the field of science andcomplicate innovation activity have been highlighted. The relevance of the development of the strategicmanagement theory has been shown. The trend for activity of modern enterprises has been highlighted.
Аннотация. В статье представлен анализ связи философии развивающейся гармонии с положениями ноосферного мировоззрения на основе принципа антропокосмизма. Ноосфера понимается как взаимодополняющее единство и сотворчество природы, личности и общества, признание целостности и полноты бытия. Антропокосмизм провозглашает соборность и софийность человека и мира в негэнтропийных стремлениях к развивающейся гармонии всего сущего, предполагающей сосуществование добра и зла в мире, а также возможность борьбы со злом силой во имя становления ноосферы как Общего дела. Ключевые слова: развивающаяся гармония, коррелятивная онтология, единство человека и мира, душа, дух, материя.
The article emphasizes the importance of the interdependence of managing the economic efficiencyof economic activity at the macro level and the micro level, considering that management efficiency was firststudied as an independent concept as a result of pressing issues of the present time, such as quality,efficiency, solvency, stability, optimality, reliability. The concept of efficiency in the context of the economiccategory has been considered, the main types of efficiency have been defined. The difference between theconcept of efficiency and effectiveness has been justified. Theoretical and practical aspects of the analysis ofthe effectiveness of the business entity's activity have been stated. Characterization of the fundamentalapproaches and methods of analyzing the effectiveness of the enterprise has been given. As a result of theresearch targeted, systematic, individual and integrated approaches to determining performance have beenemphasized. It has been suggested to use complex and individual approaches to evaluate the effectivenessof the enterprise activity, which should take into account the specificity of the sphere of activity. The systemof criteria and indicators of the analysis of efficiency of the enterprise activity has been presented,generalized and investigated.
Проведение теоретических иссле-дований процессов формирования кластеров точечных дефектов -это важная задача на пути совершенство-вания технологий получения высоко-эффективных светодиодов на основе кремния. Одним из способов получе-ния кремния c фотолюминесцентными свойствами является радиационное воздействие, вызывающее образова-ние различных дефектов в его структу-ре, в том числе точечных, протяженных их кластеров и комплексов. Для описания процесса формирова-ния точечных дефектов и изучения их трансформации во времени и при изменении температуры раз-работана математическая модель на основе молекулярно−динамического подхода, позволяющего определять координаты и скорости всех частиц системы. Для описания взаимодей-ствия между частицами использован многопараметрический потенциал Терсоффа со значениями параметров, подобранными в ходе решения зада-чи параметрической идентификации для кремния. При разработке модели использованы значения когезионной энергии системы, полученные из первопринципных расчетов на базе теории функционала плотности (DFT). Показано, что созданная компью-терная модель позволяет проводить молекулярно−динамическое модели-рование кристаллической структуры кремния с точечными дефектами и их кластерами, а также визуализировать и выполнять анимацию результатов моделирования Ключевые слова: многоуровневое моделирование, молекулярно− динамический подход, первопринцип-ные расчеты, потенциал межатомного взаимодействия, кластеры точечных дефектов, III-V полупроводники, де-фекты в кристаллах. ВведениеМеханизм изменения и роста кластеров точечных дефектов в расширенные {113} дефекты яв-ляется одним из важных и не-достаточно изученных вопросов, возникающих в процессе ионной имплантации тяжелых элементов в кристаллический кремний. На сегодняшний день получены экс-периментальные данные о возмож-ных типах кластеров точечных дефектов в кремнии [1][2][3]. Кроме того, проведено множество тео-ретических исследований их ста-бильности, трансформации во вре-мени, в том числе при изменении температуры. При этом применяют различные подходы. Так, в работах [4, 5] теоретическое исследование точечных дефектов в кремнии, в том числе расчеты энергии фор-мирования, проводили с примене-нием первопринципных расчетов на базе теории функционала плот-ности [6, 7]. В работе [8] процесс миграции точечных дефектов в кремнии рассмотрен с применени-ем методов молекулярной динами-ки в приближении сильной связи (tight−binding molecular dynamics (TBMD) simulation method). В ра-ботах [9, 10] представлены резуль-таты экспериментального иссле-дования методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии (ПЭМ) высокого разрешения сложных самоорганизованных дефектных структур, образовавшихся в кри-сталлическом кремнии в процессе ионной имплантации атомов Er с энергией 2 МэВ при температу-ре 600 °С. На основании данных ПЭМ и расчетов с использованием программного пакета HyperChem показано [9, 10], что данные де-фектные структуры представляют собой объединение двух расще-пленных межузельных атомов и дивакансии, выстроенных в цепоч-ку в плоскости {11...
Nowadays one of the most important questions of the financial accounting is not only accounting but the analysis of debts receivable as well. The results of the analysis can influence the financial condition, competitiveness, volume and structure of the money stock and velocity of the enterprise cash circulation. The efficiency of management of debts receivable of the economic entity depends on carrying out of its substantial and systematic analysis. The importance of the debts receivable analysis increases in the period of inflation, when the immobilization of the own funds becomes quite unprofitable.The analysis of the economic publications concerning the question of the debts receivable analysis has been conducted in the article, the methods of estimation of its condition and quality have been considered.In the process of making management decisions there are unsolved questions concerning the debts receivable analysis and it testifies to the necessity of improvement of its analysis methods and further development. Proper and timely analysis of debts receivable will allow to make efficient management decisions as for paying back the debts and to predict timely cash revenues.
The article examines the essence of the concept of "equity capital" and conceptual approaches to itsdefinition and classification. It has been determined that the concept of "capital" has had roots since antiqu ity, and meant a source of accumulation of wealth. However, in today's conditions of the market system capital is generalizing and at the same time varied, because it covers intellectual, natural, social capital. The importance of the correct calculation of structural equilibrium, which is a guarantee of financial competitiveness,financial stability and solvency in modern fast financial, economic and legislative changes, has been substantiated. Three approaches to the classification of the structure of the enterprise according to the normativelegislative base (national and international) and practical aspect has been determined. The practical analytical analysis of the equity structure based on the financial statements of the enterprise indicates that the equity of the enterprise in the current conditions of management decreases, in particular, by increasing the uncovered loss. The advantage of debt capital in the form of payables proves the need to make optimal decisionson timely control and adjustment of the capital structure of the enterprise due to the dynamics and featuresof socio-economic and financial processes in Ukraine.
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