Summary
Acute mesenteric ischaemia is a syndrome caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, resulting in ischaemia and eventual gangrene of the bowel wall. Although relatively rare, it is a potentially life‐threatening condition. The maintenance of haemodynamic stability, along with adequate oxygen saturation, and the correction of any electrolyte imbalance, are of the utmost importance. However, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis modulation by precursor introduction can also be a powerful tool for preventing injury. Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine‐nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to NAD+. The present study investigated nicotinamide riboside's effect on endothelium functional state, microcirculation and intestinal morphology in acute mesenteric ischaemia and reperfusion. Mesenteric ischaemia was simulated after the adaptation period (15 minutes) by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes, followed by a reperfusion period of 30 minutes. The functional state of intestinal microcirculation was evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. Endothelial functional activity was studied by using wire myography. Intestinal samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis. The results revealed that nicotinamide riboside protects the intestinal wall from ischaemia‐reperfusion injury, as well as improving the relaxation function of mesenteric vessels. Nicotinamide riboside's protective effect in small intestine ischaemia‐reperfusion can be used to reduce ischaemia‐reperfusion injury, as well as to preserve intestinal grafts until transplant.
Введениенастоящее время сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД2) яв-ляется широко распространенным заболеванием, а эксперты ВОЗ рассматривают сло жившуюся ситуацию как пандемию. В 2010 г. в мире насчитыва-лось 285 млн взрослых больных сахарным диабетом (СД), а в России -3,16 млн. Учитывая динамику заболеваемо-сти и смертности за последние 10 лет, ожидается увеличе-ние заболеваемости СД в мире с 6,4% до 7,7%. При этом к 2030 г. прогнозируется увеличение числа зарегистриро-ванных больных СД до 439 млн человек в мире и до 5,81 млн человек в России [1,2]. Социальную значимость проблемы увеличивает то обстоятельство, что СД приводит к ран-ней инвалидизации и смертности в связи с фатальными сосудистыми осложнениями. Несмотря на проведение адекватной лекарственной терапии, показатели гликемиче-ского контроля (в том числе, содержание гликированного гемоглобина -HbA 1c ) у пациентов с СД зачастую не нор-мализуются, что связано с прогрессирующим нарушением функции β-клеток поджелудочной железы [3].Наряду с консервативной терапией, для лечения СД2 с сопутствующим ожирением сегодня уже используются бариатрические операции. Данное направление хирур-гии, изначальной целью которого являлось снижение массы тела у пациентов с морбидным первичным ожире-нием, начало формироваться в 50-х годах прошлого века. По мере развития бариатрической хирургии были вы-явлены положительные эффекты проводимых операций на сопутствующие ожирению заболевания, а именно, СД2, дислипидемию и артериальную гипертензию. Поло-жительное влияние операции гастрошунтирования (ГШ)
Brief intestinal postischemic perfusion with HTS(365mOsm) through the SMA followed by blood flow restoration is a protective procedure that could be used for the prevention of intestinal IRI.
Bariatric surgery (BS) improves outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tested the hypothesis that BS-mediated reduction in fatal MI could be attributed to its infarct-limiting effect. Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: control (CON), sham (SHAM), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and ileotransposition (IT). Ten weeks later, animals were subjected to 30-min myocardial ischemia plus 120-min reperfusion. Infarct size (IS) and no-reflow area were determined histochemically. Fasting plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were measured using ELISA. Compared with SHAM, RYGB and SG reduced IS by 22% (p = 0.011) and 10% (p = 0.027), and no-reflow by 38% (p = 0.01) and 32% (p = 0.004), respectively. IT failed to reduce IS and no-reflow. GLP-1 level was increased in the SG and RYGB groups compared with CON. In both the SG and RYGB, leptin level was decreased compared with CON and SHAM. In the SG group, ghrelin level was lower than that in the CON and SHAM. Insulin levels were not different between groups. In conclusion, RYGB and SG increased myocardial tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion injury of non-obese, non-diabetic rats, and their infarct-limiting effect is associated with decreased leptin and ghrelin levels and increased GLP-1 level.
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