The aim: Scientific substantiation of physiological-hygienic standards of motor activity of students of higher education institutions and ways of its optimization in the context of formation of an effective public health system. Materials and methods: The criteria for physiological-hygienic assessment of students’ motor activity were: the values of daily energy, the quantity of locomotions, the duration of dynamic component in daily budget of time. Results: The data of complex assessment of the modern students’ motor activity studying in the institution of higher medical education showed its low level. At the same time the application of measures aimed at optimizing motor activity of students ensured an improvement (p<0.01-0.001) of the functional characteristics of the mobility and balance of nervous processes and index of coordination of movements. Conclusions: In the course of the researches the physiological-hygienic standards of motor activity of students are scientifically substantiated: values of daily energy consumption – 9000-11000 kJ in young women, 11500-13500 kJ in young men, the quantity of locomotions in the daily cycle – 14000-18000 steps and 15000-19000 steps respectively, the duration of dynamic component in daily budget of time – 130-180 min and 140-190 min respectively.
The occurrence of cognitive disorders is a common problem after surgery. The degree of worsening of cognitive functions after surgery and anesthesia has a significant impact on the patient's health and is significantly associated with prolonged recovery in the hospital, increased morbidity and delayed functional recovery. The aim of the study was to increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis of moderate cognitive impairment and to determine its gender and age characteristics in patients before and after cardiac surgery in the early postoperative period (3 and 7 days). We examined 56 patients who underwent cardiac surgery for coronary heart disease in 37 (66.1 %) and valvular heart defects in 19 (33.9 %) patients. Assessment of cognitive functions was performed before surgery, on the 3rd and 7th day of the postoperative period. Testing was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Test. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed on a personal computer using the statistical software package SPSS 12.0 for Windows using parametric and non-parametric methods. It was found that presence of cognitive disorders before surgery was registered in 37 (66.1 %) patients, mostly among the age of group of 60-74 years and had no gender difference. It was found that in the early postoperative period there is a significant worsening of cognitive functions in patients after cardiac surgery on 3rd day – in 45 (80.4 %), on 7th day – in 44 (78.6 %) patients, respectively.
An essential component of adequate prognostic assessment of the interdependence of the leading correlates of adaptive capacity and functional resources of the human organism is the use of factor analysis procedures. The purpose of the work is to establish the patterns of interdependence of the characteristics of the functional state of the organism and indicators of the health status of students and their complex assessment based on the use of factor analysis procedures. In the course of scientific researches were studied indicators of functional features of higher nervous activity, visual sensory system and somatosensory analyzer. Data on the communication and interdependence characteristics of the level of development of psychophysiological functions and indicators of the health status of students were subjected to statistical processing using the licensed standardized package “Statistica 6.1 for Windows” (license number ВXXR901E245722FA) based on the factor analysis procedures. During the complex assessment of the patterns of interdependence between the characteristics of health status and indicators of the development of psychophysiological functions of the organism of students, who were at different stages of higher medical education, it was determined that young man had the most significant influence on health characteristics of the level of health factors such as “functional features of the visual sensory system”, “functional features of motion coordination” and “functional features speed of visual-motor speed and stability of attention”, young woman – factors such as “functional features of the visual sensory system”, “functional features of motion coordination” and “functional features speed of visual-motor reaction”. The results obtained are the basis for the development of methods for the prognostic evaluation of the characteristics of the formation of health characteristics in the context of determining indicators of the development of psychophysiological functions of young men and young women, as well as the development of effective health-saving technologies to create a preventive educational environment in higher education.
У статті розглянуті особливості процесів формування особливостей особистості учнів шкільного віку в умовах використання діагностично-профілактичної програми психогігієнічної корекції порушень психофізіологічної і психічної адаптації та зрушень у стані здоров’я учнів у віці 14–17 років. Для оцінки особливостей особистості школярів застосовувались особистісні опитувальники Айзенка, Спілбергера і Філліпса. Одержані результати визначають цілком позитивний за своїм змістом вплив заходів психогігієнічної корекції на стан критеріальних показників тривожнісно-невротичних рис особистості учнів шкільного віку. Впровадження розробленої програми забезпечувало появу позитивних зрушень у структурі показників, які відображували особливості нейротизму (р(t) < 0,05), ситуативної (р(t) < 0,001) та особистісної (р(t) < 0,01) тривожності і серед дівчат, і серед юнаків, а також у структурі показників шкільної тривожності, які визначали наявність проблем у відносинах з учителями (р(t) < 0,05), серед дівчат. Менш вираженими слід було визнати зрушення, які реєструвались під час аналізу інших складових шкільної тривожності, тобто тривожнісних рис особистості, негативні зміни у структурі яких були безпосередньо пов’язані з впливом найбільш значущого стресогенного чинника, а саме сучасної школи, однак і у цьому випадку виявлені зрушення слід було трактувати як сприятливі.
У статті розглянуті особливості перебігу процесів психофізіологічної та психічної адаптації учнів шкільного віку, визначено, що найбільш оптимальним перебіг процесів психофізіологічної адаптації слід визнати у дівчат і юнаків, які відрізняються більш високим порівняно з їх ровесниками рівнем здоров’я, відсутністю донозологічних змін у стані здоров’я та будь-яких ознак хронічної патології. У той же час дані оцінки перебігу процесів психічної адаптації визначають той факт, що на тлі тенденцій, аналогічних попереднім за цілим рядом показників (ситуативна й особистісна тривожність тощо), саме учні з більш високим рівнем здоров’я відзначались більш повільним та ускладненим перебігом процесів психічної адаптації. Одержані результати чітко та адекватно вказують на те, що визначення особливостей перебігу процесів психофізіологічної та психічної адаптації є невід’ємним компонентом здійснення комплексної оцінки стану здоров’я учнів шкільного віку та важливою передумовою розроблення і впровадження індивідуалізованих за своїм змістом здоров’язберігаючих технологій.
Objective — to determine the presence and severity of moderate cognitive disorders (CD) in patients before and after cardiac surgery in the early postoperative period Methods and subjects. 56 patients were examined, including 19 (33.9 %) men and 37 (66,1 %) women , mean age 60.86 ± 8.86. Cardiac surgery was performed for ischemic heart disease in 37 (66.1 %) patients, for valvular heart disease — in 19 (33.9 %, p = 0.02). Assessment of cognitive functions was performed before surgery, on the 3rd and 7th day of the postoperative period using the Montreal Cognitive Test. Results. Before surgery, most patients (75.0 %) had mild CRs, 5.4 % had moderate CRs (p <0.01), and 19.6 % had no CRs (p = 0.02). In general, the distribution by the severity of CR in the early postoperative period did not differ from that before surgery, but there were patients with severe CR (3.6 and 1.8 %, respectively, on the 3rd and 7th days, p = 0.05) ...In the structure of CD, on the 3rd day of the postoperative period, there was a significant decrease in visually constructive skills (4.07 versus 3.7; p < 0.001), a deterioration in the ability to consistently calculate (2.66 versus 2.45; p = 0.02), repetition phrases (1.16 versus 1.0; p = 0.02). On the 7th day of the postoperative period, there was a significant decrease in verbal speed (0.48 versus 0.32; p = 0.006) and an improvement in memory (1.79 versus 2.29; p = 0.01). Probable predictors of the onset of cognitive disorders in the early postoperative period are: a history of stroke — r = –0.282; p = 0.04. There was a correlation with the presence of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries according to coronary angiography (r = –0.259; p = 0.05), surgery performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (r = 0.29; p = 0.03), and a tendency towards statistical significance of correlation with the presence of signs of dyslipidemia according to lipid profile data (r = –0.227; p = 0.09). Conclusions. It was found that 75 % of patients had mild CR before surgery. The distribution according to the severity of CR in the early postoperative period differed from that before surgery by the appearance of patients with severe CR. In the CR structure, on the 3rd day of the postoperative period, a statistically significant decrease in visual‑constructive skills, a deterioration in the ability to consistently calculate and repeat a phrase were observed. On the 7th day, a statistically significant decrease in verbal speed and an improvement in memory were noted. Probable predictors of CR in the early postoperative period are a history of acute cerebrovascular accident, atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary arteries according to coronary angiography, surgery performed under cardiopulmonary bypass, the presence of signs of dyslipidemia according to lipid profile data.
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