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Bloodstream infections remain public health problem and have resulted to morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. This study was therefore aimed at determining the prevalence of bacteremia in HIV infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) attending Federal Medical Centre, IdoEkiti, Ekiti State. A total of 105 blood samples were cultured using brain heart infusion and subcultured on bismuth sulphite agar, MacConkey agar and chocolate agar. Isolates were identified using cultural and biochemical characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using disc diffusion method. The prevalence of bloodstream infection in HIV infected patients on HAART was found to be 22.9% and they were having the CD4 + T-cell counts of <300 cells/µl. There were five males and 19 females that had bloodstream bacterial infection. A total number of 24 isolates were recovered with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent bacterial isolates 12(50.0%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus, 8 (33.3%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 (16.7%). The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed a high level of resistance with highest resistance seen in Cotrimoxazole (87.5%), followed by ciprofloaxcin (83.3%), ampicillin (79.2%), levofloxacin (62.5%) while ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and gentamycin (54.2% each) showed the least resistance. The overall percentage of antibiotics resistance of the 7 selected antibiotics tested against isolated bacterial had 71.4, 67.9 and 66.1% resistance for S. pneumonia, Escherichia coli and S. aureus, respectively. However, the prevalence of bloodstream infection among HIV patients on HAART in Ekiti was relatively high and resistance to cephalosporins drugs was lower as compared to fluoroquinolones. Therefore, cephalosporin group of antibiotics is recommended for the treatment of bacteria bloodstream infection in HIV/AIDS patients.

Pregnant women are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to physiological changes that accompany pregnancy, such as congestion of the cervix, edema of the vaginal mucosa, and alterations in the vaginal flora. Syphilis and HIV are both transmitted sexually and so it is not surprise that a substantial number of people are infected with both agents. The rate of HIV and syphilis co-infection varies depending on the prevalence of both infections in the community or the patient group being studied, along with individual risk factors. 1913 apparently healthy pregnant women were recruited for the study after obtained their consent. Detection of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV1/2 was screened for using BIO-RAD in-vitro diagnostic enzyme immunoassay; syphilis was screen for using DIA-PRO in-vitro diagnostic Bio-probes enzyme immunoassay for the determination of antibodies to Treponema pallidum. Age group 26-