The problem of providing the population with food is one of the most important and complex among the problems that society faces today. Food must not only meet the human needs for essential nutrients and energy, but also perform preventive and curative functions. Mutton is one of the foods that meets these requirements. It is distinguished by its high nutritional properties and taste. It can be a potential source of various pathogens and pollutants under certain condition that will pose a risk to the health of the consumer. Monitoring of separate elements of the safety and quality management system of slaughter products of small cattle under the influence of epidemiological (veterinary) factors was the aim of our research. Reporting on veterinary medicine issues in the Tatarbunarsky district of the Odessa region for 2013–2017, which was processed statistically, was the material of our research. It found that the main specific mass of number of small cattle grown in Homstead farms by inhabitants of the area. The district veterinary service carried out a number of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures during the trial period. In the Household farms only mandatory activities were carried out, which are founded from the budget account (serological tests for brucellosis and preventive vaccination against Anthrax). Analysis of the volumes and conditions of slaughter of small cattle in the area showed that the number of slaughtered animals invariably decreases from year to year and 100% of slaughter is carried out by the farmer in the conditions of homestead farms. It was also established that in the experimental period, according to results of pre-slaughter clinical examination of animals and post-slaughter examination no cases of illness were identified. Selling of slaughter products of small cattle is carried out through a distributing facilities of agrofood markets of district and region. The analysis found that all carcasses that entered to the markets succumbed to veterinary-sanitary examination in State Laboratories of Veterinary-Sanitary Examination, the results of which in 2015 and 2016 reveald cases of invasive diseases (fasciolosis and echinococcosis). This fact is worrying about the quality of its conducts in the conditions of the household slaughter, accuming that during the post-slaughter veterinary-sanitary examination no cases of illness have been identified. Summarizing the monitoring results we obtained, we concluded that at this stage the safety management system for the products of slaughter of small cattle cannot fully guarantee consumer safety and requires urgent complex measures to increase efficiency.
The main direction of state policy regarding the guaranty safety and quality of animal products is the creation of conditions that are safe for human health during the production and sale of food raw materials. According to current legislation of Ukraine responsibility for the safety of food products placed on the manufacturer but government control plays an important role. This is especially true today, when almost 69.5% of meat is produced in private home farms. It is mainly sold in the agro-industrial markets. The State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety should perform the conditions of modern European regulation and base its activities on the basis of risk assessment. One of the risks are parasitosis, as their negative effect affects the health of millions of people in the world. In this cjnnection the purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the identification of invasive diseases at the stages of slaughter of animals and the sale of slaughter products. Research material was reporting on veterinary medicine of a number of districts of Odessa region for 2014-2017. It was founded that 75943 animals were slaughtered in 2014-2017: 91.18% pigs, 8.14% cattle and 0.68% sheep. The analysis of the dynamics of slaughter, depending on its location, showed that from 41.85% to 99.81% of animals were slaughtered at courtyard. According to the results of veterinary-sanitary control and supervision during the slaughter for the studied years there were no cases of diseases. It was founded that 22617 animal's carcasses came to the agrofood markets of the regions for the years 2014-2017, among which 89.56% were pig carcasses, 10,11% cattle carcasses and only 0.33% sheep. According to results of veterinary-sanitary examination in the conditions of SLVSE in the markets, specialists established 351 cases of diseases. In the study of pig carcasses 246 cases of diseases were detected: among them of non-communicable (45.93%) and invasive (54.07%) etiology (echinococcosis). Luring the expertise of cattle carcases was founded 96 cases of diseases: -dicroceliosis (98.96%) and exinococcosis (1.04%); during the expertise of sheep's carcases -9 cases of diseases -dicroceliosis (66.67%) and exinococcosis (33.33%). Considering that during the reporting period, according to the results of veterinary-sanitary control and supervision during the slaughter of animals, no cases of diseases were detected, but at the same time the number of cases of detection of invasive diseases during veterinary-sanitary examination in SLVSE on markets constantly increases risk management at the stage of slaughter can be considered not sufficiently effective. Also, the results of our research indicate that the current system for managing the safety of slaughter products is still based primarily on the study of the final product. It does not take into account all possible risks at the previous stages of production. This system can't fully guarantee to consumer safety of products.
In recent years, Ukraine is constantly increasing livestock production. But at the same time, in many modern industries, veterinary and sanitary control of food is on insufficient or non–existent. In this connection the trading network can get dangerous foods for consumers.Today in the world there are numerous number of methods of analysis of food safety (spectrometry, photometry, chromatography, etc.). But in our country, a network of specialized laboratories which would be able to provide high–quality and objective analysis of the food is still very limited.It is also important to remember that the current chemical–analytical methods unfortunately unable to answer the general reaction of the organism to influence the recipient of the object, which is associated with several factors: the test object may contain toxicants with content during the study not predicted poorly understood substances, and importantly, is not considered character combined action of toxicants. That despite these shortcomings and remains an important method of determining the toxicity bioassay.The aim of our research was to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of the rapid microbiological method using ciliates Colpoda steinii to determine the toxicity of skimmed milk.Toxicity studies were carried out in parallel by three methods: bioassay in laboratory animals (white mice) and microbiological using as a test organism ciliates Tetrachimena piriformis and Colpoda steinii.The proposed method of using as a test organism ciliates Colpoda steinii, including the preparation of test culture ciliates Colpoda steinii, sampling investigational product, extracting samples of chemically pure acetone, filtering selected extract dilution leachate solution rod–Lozinski, introducing the filtrate into a test culture ciliates, temperature control resulting mixture at a temperature of +26 ... + 28 °C and determine the toxicity of the investigational product, observing the vital functions of ciliates during incubation.The research found that data on the toxicity of skimmed milk a certain prescribed manner identical data obtained using classical methods.Established that the strong toxicity of skimmed milk in the application of research results ciliates C. steinii get already at 3min. And weak toxicity or netoksychnosti – 1 hour.
Today, one of the most objective indicators of safety and quality are microbiological. Although it is practically impossible to completely avoid meat contamination and a wide range of factors may affect the microbial contamination of meat, despite this, microbiological risk analysis is the most effective system for assessing and controlling the safety of meat and meat products, in particular lamb. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the microbiological parameters of lamb obtained from animals affected by monitors, in particular during peak infestations in the southern region. We investigated 125 lamb’s carcasses killed in Berezovsky and Saratsky districts of the Odessa region within 3 months. 35 carcasses from that quantity were infected by monieziosis. This amounts 28%. Percentage of moniezia disease was 20% in May, in June and July respectively 39.1% and 22.7%. The results of study showed that the defeat of lambs at the age of 4−6 month by moniezia leads to decrease of quality of mutton. The microbiological indexes indicate it. Study of common bacterial contamination established that the QMAFAnM in samples of experimental group didn’t exceed the allowable level in May and June. So, in May allocated 3.01 ± 0.28×103* CFU per 1 g (Р ≤ 0.05). This is true toward control. The quantity of Colonies Forming Units per 1 g increased in June and was 3.13 ± 0.23×105 (Р ≤ 0.05). The increase is related to gradual height of the inflammatory process, intoxication, allergization of lamb’s organism that caused by moniezia. The QMAFAnM exceed the allowable level in July and was 5.22 ± 0.11×106 CFU per 1 g (Р ≤ 0.05). This indicates a questionable quality of meat. That raw materials can’t be used by consumers on general grounds. It can cause outbreaks of food poisoning. The QMAFAnM during experimental period didn’t exceed the allowable level and was within the 1.81 ± 0.34−4.31 ± 0.12×102 CFU per 1 g in carcasses from non-invasive by moniezia (control group) animals. Collibacillus bacterias have indentified during all experimental period in samples from invasion by moniezia animals. At the same time collibacillus bacterias in samples from non-invasion animals were found only in June and July. Average content of colibacillus baсterias was within the 1.68 ± 0.12−4.65 ± 0.26×102 (Р ≤ 0.05) CFU per 1 g for experimental group. The index didn’t exceed the allowable level but it was higher than indexes in control group. Salmonella contamination was not detected in any groups of samples.
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