Against the background of global climate change, most of the territory of Ukraine today is semi-arid, which causes a decrease in the efficiency of the vegetable growing industry. Due to aridity and elevated temperatures in summer, the normal growth and development of plants, namely vining cucumber, is disrupted. The efficiency of artificial irrigation is also decreasing due to the rise in the price of fresh water and energy carriers for its supply to plants. Soil absorbents and the use of mulching can solve these issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various forms of soil absorbent against the background of the use of various mulching materials of organic and synthetic origin on the productivity of vining cucumber. This study involved field, laboratory, statistical, and computational-analytical methods. Studies have established that upon mulching the soil with black polyethylene film together with the introduction of a soil absorbent in the form of a gel, phenological phases of growth and development occur most quickly in vining cucumber plants, and the fruiting period increases by 11 days compared to the control. The combination of film mulching and absorbent gel allowed increasing the height of the main stem by 15.2%, the number of leaves on the plant by 43.9%, and the leaf area by 26.5% compared to the control version. It was established that the highest commercial yield is provided by mulching the soil with a black film together with the introduction of an absorbent in the form of pellets and gel – 56.6-56.8 t/ha, which is 27.5-27.9% more than the control. The marketability of the yield was 99.2-99.4%. Cucumber fruits for mulching with a film and applying an absorbent in the form of a gel had a high content of dry matter (5.3%) and the sum of sugars (2.20%). Lowest nitrate level (N-NO3) in cucumber fruits provided mulching with black agrofibre without an absorbent (53.0 mg/kg)
The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effects of different rates of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin under different methods of using the plant growth regulator Radostim (seed treatment before sowing and spraying crops) on the content of chlorophyll a and b in buckwheat leaves of Yelena variety, their sum and carotenoids. Determination of chlorophyll a and b, their sum and carotenoids was performed in selected samples of buckwheat leaves in the field conditions, in the phases of stem branching and the beginning of flowering according to the method described by V.F. Gavrylenko and T.V. Zhyhalova using a spectrophotometer. The pigment concentration was calculated from Holm-Wettstein's equations for 100 % acetone. It was found that the content of photosynthetic pigments in buckwheat leaves is conditioned by the weather, rates and methods of application of the studied microbial preparations and phases of plant development. In particular, the analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the early flowering phase of buckwheat plants showed a significant increase compared to the phase of stem branching, which may be due to increased physiological and biochemical processes in plants, against the background of improving mineral nutrition, growth and plant development. Thus, with the multiple use of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rates of 150, 175 and 200 ml and the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 250 ml / t for seed treatment before sowing, the content of chlorophylls a and b, their sum and carotenoids with increasing application of Diazobacterin increased and the excess relative to control ranged within: 29–31 % for chlorophyll a; 10–11 % for chlorophyll b; 24–26 % for their sum and 23–24 % for carotenoids. At the same time, with a complex application for pre-sowing seed treatment of a mixture of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin in the rate of 200 ml per hectare of seeds with the stimulator of plant growth Radostym in the rate of 250 ml / t followed by spraying on this background crops the stimulator of plant growth Radostim in the rate of 50 ml / ha buckwheat leaves form the highest content of chlorophyll a in comparison with the control (40 %); chlorophyll b (15 %); the sum of chlorophyll a + b (33 %) and carotenoids (29 %). These data indicate the creation of more favorable conditions for physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including photosynthesis, with the direct positive effect of which, functionally active pigment complex of the leaf apparatus of buckwheat is formed.
The article deals with the study of the effect of the application of the herbicide Granstar Gold 75, w.g. (water-soluble granulate) and plant growth regulator Regoplant on some ecological indicators of ecocenosis of winter wheat sowing (lipid peroxidation reactions in winter wheat plants by the activity of malonic dialdehyde content accumulation, enzymatic activity, total number of rhizosphere bacteria and anatomical structure of winter wheat leaves). The choice of research topic is due to the fact that currently obtaining high yields of winter wheat is closely connected to the widespread use of chemicals, in particular, herbicides, which by their nature are physiologically active substances that can affect both plants and soil microbiota. This, in turn, leads to the search for environmentally safe elements of technologies for growing winter wheat. One such element may be the use of herbicides together with plant growth regulators. The obtained experimental data testify to the protective ability of the growth regulator Regoplant against the winter wheat plants, as evidenced by a decrease in the activity of malonic dialdehyde accumulation, changes in the activity of the enzymatic defense system, decrease the number of epidermis cells and an increase in total rhizosphere bacteria in case of Regoplant use together with Granstar Gold 75, w.g. compared with the experiment variants, where the herbicide was applied without a growth regulator. That is, the use of growth regulator in a mixture with herbicide to some extent eliminates the toxic effect of xenobiotics, which has a positive effect on the state of ecobiosis of winter wheat sowing.
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