The article deals with the study of the effect of the application of the herbicide Granstar Gold 75, w.g. (water-soluble granulate) and plant growth regulator Regoplant on some ecological indicators of ecocenosis of winter wheat sowing (lipid peroxidation reactions in winter wheat plants by the activity of malonic dialdehyde content accumulation, enzymatic activity, total number of rhizosphere bacteria and anatomical structure of winter wheat leaves). The choice of research topic is due to the fact that currently obtaining high yields of winter wheat is closely connected to the widespread use of chemicals, in particular, herbicides, which by their nature are physiologically active substances that can affect both plants and soil microbiota. This, in turn, leads to the search for environmentally safe elements of technologies for growing winter wheat. One such element may be the use of herbicides together with plant growth regulators. The obtained experimental data testify to the protective ability of the growth regulator Regoplant against the winter wheat plants, as evidenced by a decrease in the activity of malonic dialdehyde accumulation, changes in the activity of the enzymatic defense system, decrease the number of epidermis cells and an increase in total rhizosphere bacteria in case of Regoplant use together with Granstar Gold 75, w.g. compared with the experiment variants, where the herbicide was applied without a growth regulator. That is, the use of growth regulator in a mixture with herbicide to some extent eliminates the toxic effect of xenobiotics, which has a positive effect on the state of ecobiosis of winter wheat sowing.
The use of herbicides for sowing grain cultures, including grain sorghum, is an integral condition for high yield indicators. However, upon penetrating into plant organisms, herbicides can intensify synthesis of the reactive oxygen species, which leads to the aggravation of lipid peroxidation and activates antioxidant systems, namely superoxide dismutase enzyme. It is known that phytohormones and microbial preparations, if included in the cultivation technology, can improve plants’ ability to resist oxidative stress caused by xenobiotics. However, the integrative influence of herbicides, phytohormones, and microbial preparations on activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme as well as on lipid peroxidation intensity in plants of grain sorghum is understudied, which preconditioned the purpose of this study. The objects of this study were as follows: grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) of the Milo W hybrid, herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, phytohormone Endofit L1 and biopreparation Bioarsenal. The study was conducted following the requirements of vegetation method. The activity of lipid peroxidation was investigated according to the number of malondialdehyde formed in the plant tissues. The activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (EC 1.15.1.1) was investigated according to its ability to compete with nitro blue tetrazolium for superoxide anions resulting from interaction between the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and phenazine methosulfate. The study revealed that under the effect of the herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, indicators of the lipid peroxidation activity in plants averaged 26.2-93.2% higher than in control sample, depending on the herbicide rate and the day after application. Activity of superoxide dismutase in these conditions exceeded that in the control sample by 18.2-96.8% on average. However, provided the joint use of herbicides, phytohormones, and biopreparation, the plants demonstrated a decrease of the lipid peroxidation activity. It lowered by 14.5-19.1% against the background of superoxide dismutase increase by 22.0-38.7% relatively to the variants where only herbicide was used. Results of the experiment attest the positive influence of the phytohormone and biopreparation on the grain sorghum’s resistance to the oxidative stress caused by herbicides. The observed data can become a cornerstone for the further development of biologised cultivation technologies of this culture
The article analyzes the taxonomy of the species and provides data on the seed productivity of the spring gorse flower and the replenishment of populations with new generations of individuals; determined favorable conditions for seed germination; summarized the results of the introduction of Adonis vernalis on the territory of the botanical nursery of the Uman National University of Horticulture. Seed propagation of Adonis vernalis was carried out in accordance with the methodical recommendations of T. O. Rabotnova and I. V. Vainagia. The works were carried out between the villages of Dmytrivka and Novopristan, Voznesensky District, Mykolaiv region, in 2019. 10 plots were selected using random sampling, the area of each of them was 1m². All fruits in this area were collected and the number of complete and defective seeds was counted. Indicators of potential and actual seed productivity were used to characterize seed reproduction. Seed yield per individual and per population was also determined. To establish field germination, Adonis vernalis seeds were sown to a depth of 1–2 cm on research plots at the Uman National University of Horticulture immediately after seed collection in nature. A comparison of our observations with factual data shows that the reproductive potential of Adonis vernalis in natural conditions is low, which is connected with the discrepancy between the ecological needs of seedlings and the ecological and coenotic conditions of local growth. In Ukraine, Adonis vernalis is noted for its high seed yield. The similarity of seeds in culture is much higher than in nature. Rainy weather in July-August is favorable for seed germination. Therefore, the low reproductive potential of Adonis vernalis is associated with the lack of moisture necessary for seed germination in the second half of summer. The successful experience of growing Adonis vernalis at the botanical nursery of the Uman National University of Horticulture shows that, in contrast to the plantation cultivation of the species, the modeling of introduction populations in artificially created steppe ecosystems is a promising direction for ex situ protection of the species. In this regard, it is advisable to sow and transplant the heather on the slopes of streams, river terraces and fallows. In the conditions of degradation of natural habitats and inefficiency of plantation cultivation, this will allow us to increase the resources of a valuable medicinal plant and contribute to its protection.
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