Ginger is one of the plants that is rich with phenolic compounds. This research was aimed at determination of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the rhizome of ginger. However, there is only few information available about the comparison of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in the three varieties of ginger. This research employs a descriptive quantitative research using extracted dried gingers on two types of extraction processes, i.e. infusion and decoction. The phenolic compound analysis is conducted by using the Folin-C method, while antioxidant activity was conducted by using DPPH and measured by using Spectrophotometer. Based on ANOVA test result, the highest phenolic was red ginger 12.2533 mg GAE/g (infusion) and 22.9767 mg GAE/g (decoction) followed by emprit and elephant ginger. The highest antioxidant activity by infusion process was found in red ginger of 79.83 % followed by 70.43 % and 61.70% in emprit ginger and elephant ginger. Conversely, the highest antioxidant activity by decoction was found 78.76 % in emprit ginger, followed by 70.56 % and 60.93% for red ginger and elephant ginger. Ginger have sufficient antioxidant activity on extraction by infusion or decoction and the red ginger have a higher phenolic content.

This study aims to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in gayam leaf extract (Incarpus fagiferus Fobs). The research method used is a quasi-experiment that aims to predict the situation to be achieved through actual experiments but no treatment. The sample used is old gayam leaves, with the characteristic of dark green leaf and rough leaf surface. The process of preparing simplicia, ie preparing fresh gayam leaves, dried in an oven temperature 45-50oC, and then dried to produce gayam leaf powder. Samples were extracted with methanol solvent and ethanol for 5 days. The total phenol assay method uses Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant activity test using DPPH free radical retardation method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that the total phenolic content of gayam leaf extract with ethanol and methanol solvent was 313,704 GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent) and 273,913 GAE, respectively. Antioxidant activity as a free antidote to free radical DPPH is known to be valued with IC50 (inhibitory concentration).

High-order thinking skills (HOTS) are competencies that must be possessed by male and female students in 21st Century era. The purpose of this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was to determine the effect of gender on the level of HOTS empowerment of high school students. The subjects of this study were  students of SMA Negeri 1 Malang and the sample of the study was students of class XI MIPA 10. All students receive biology learning by applying Problem-based Learning (PBL) combined with Two Stay-Two Stray (TSTS) assisted by “Sangkar Hati” media. The collected data were analyzed by using one way ANCOVA. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that HOTS achievement of female students is not significantly different from male students. Through the findings of this study, it is expected that the implementation of Biology learning in other schools will also implement innovative education with creative media that can empower HOTS of female and male students.

The use of antiseptics in wounds can cause long-term side effects. This study aims to determine the potential of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L) as a natural ingredient for healing wounds. This true experimental research used six treatment groups. This study used a completely randomized design of four repetitions using 24 samples of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) taken randomly. The results of the Anova statistical test showed that there was a difference in the effect of giving mango leaf extract to incisive wound healing. The results showed that a concentration of 20% showed a faster recovery time of 7.25 days with an average wound closure of 4.02 mm. This indicates that the extract of mango leaves has the potential to be used as a healing wound for the incision.

PENGARUH JUMLAH CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus) DAN WAKTU PENGOMPOSAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN NPK LIMBAH MEDIA TANAM JAMUR TIRAM  SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR BIOLOGI   Darwis Husain1, Sukarsono1, Nurul Mahmudati1 1Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universtias Muhammadiyah Malang, e-mail : drw.darwishusain@gmail.com   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui adanya pengaruh jumlah cacing tanah dan waktu pengomposan terhadap kandungan NPK limbah media tanam jamur tiram, mengetahui kandungan NPK terbaik sesuai standar yang ditetapkan pemerintah yaitu N 0,4%, P 0,1% dan K 0,2% serta mengetahui penerapan hasil penelitian sebagai bahan ajar biologi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah True Experimental Research yang dilakukan pada tanggal 07 Juli-07 Agustus 2014 di Laboratorium Kimia Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial Design yang terdiri dari 2 faktor, faktor A merupakan jumlah cacing tanah (25, 30 dan 35 cacing) dan faktor B merupakan waktu pengomposan (5, 10 dan 15 hari). Analisis data menggunakan anava 2 jalan dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah cacing tanah 35 cacing dan waktu pengomposan 15 hari merupakan perlakuan terbaik. Persentasi unsur hara terbaik yang dihasilkan yaitu N (3,85 %), P (0,78 %) dan K (1,45 %). Sedangkan Rasio C/N yang dihasilkan yaitu 10,51.   Kata Kunci: Limbah, Cacing Tanah, Waktu, Pengomposan, Kandungan NPK

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SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Malang City is a school which is located on Jl Letjen Sutoyo No 68 Malang City. This school has great potential and has the opportunity to carry out two tier multiple choice question-making service activities because the school is the school's top priority (partner). The problem faced is that teachers have never compiled Two Tier Multiple Choice questions, especially science teachers. The science teacher said that he was always prepared questions for student evaluation instruments, either formative, sub-summative or summative, but the questions that were arranged were still conventional. The teacher said that he was not yet skilled in compiling HOTS questions, let alone the type of Two Tier Multiple Choice that he had never known. Activities to be carried out are socialization of teacher training programs, pre-test teacher assistance. Teachers have increased their abilities regarding the preparation of Two Tier Multiple Choice questions. The teacher-made question products have 30 sets or 60 items, and have been tested with the results of the questions that qualify as good questions

Cardiovascular disease still one of the highest death factor in Indonesia. Ginger as an anti-atherosclerosis could be one of the alternatives that is being developed to decrease the cardiovascular disease. The general aims of this research were determining the mechanism of ginger as anti-atherosclerosis to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Research design used was “The Randomized Posttest only Control Group Design”. In this research, the experimental unit was Rattus norvegicus, male; in the age of 3 months and total number were thirty. Independent variable of this research was  steeping of ginger, the dose various of steeping ginger (control, 1g, 3g, 3g + bay leaf, and 5g), and dependent variable was Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)α of tissue lipid. TNF α expression was measured by using ELISA method. The data was analyzed by using ANOVA. Based on the analysis, it showed that steeping of ginger was decreased the expression of TNF-α in fat tissue (1g = 551 pg/mL, 3g = 511 pg/mL, 3g + bay leaf = 493 pg /mL) compare to control (986.8 pg/mL) but on the 5 g dose there is contradictory effect that is there is increasing TNF α (1103.5 pg/mL). Conclusion, steeping of ginger potentially decrease the risk of atherosclerosis by attenuate of TNF α expression.