A city is a human creation that always experiences development. As time goes by, the development of the city sometimes does not go according to the initial plan. In Indonesia, major cities were planned and built during the Dutch colonial era, based on good planning for several decades into the future. After Indonesian independence, a lot of obstacles were faced by cities, so their development shifted away from the initial plan. This paper will describe the development of an initially residential area for Dutch society within Bandung city. Today, the area is declared as one of the cultural heritage areas, because of its history and the architectural style of the buildings. Some investors have considered the environment plan, location and unique architectural style of buildings in this area as having potential that they could profit from, so one by one the residential buildings in this area transferred into commercial ones. How does transformation occur with conservation buildings as part of a cultural heritage? What kind of revitalization can be performed to adapt to their new function? It is expected that the revitalization performed will sustain cultural heritage buildings within this conservation area.
The strategic geographic position with extensive land and sea areas makes Indonesia rich in cultural heritages. Other than that, Dutch Colonial Government which ruled for a relatively long time in Indonesia also left some cultural heritages. Those cultural heritages are believed to have a potential to attract tourists, and one of the cultural heritages is the buildings. By using grounded research and taking some cases this paper will describe the potential of the buildings in one cultural heritage area in Bandung city that attracts many tourists. The buildings discussed are the residential buildings built during the Dutch colonial government era. After the independence, those buildings were acquisitioned by the Indonesian government and its army to be used as dwelling houses. The diversity of activities offered in this area is one of the supporting factors that attract the tourists, presented with artistic style as a reflection of the cultural diversity in the form of hotels, restaurants and factory outlets. The results of the research showed that uniqueness of architecture style and location potential have created specific recreation experiences as the attractiveness that change the area into one of the tourist destinations in Bandung city. Adaptive re-use concept which is implemented to the buildings is believed optimizing the built-in area more effectively than building new buildings. The research questions addressed in this study are: Does the adaptive re-use concept have impact to the buildings and surroundings?;What kind of building transformation is the right one as an effort to adapt to the new function? Adaptive re-use is expected to be one of the conservation efforts to revive buildings and the conserved area by maintaining the existing built environment in the city.
ABSTRAKBangunan peninggalan kolonial merupakan warisan budaya yang saat ini banyak dialih fungsikan terutama untuk fungsi komersial. Bangunan ini mempunyai gaya arsitektur yang unik dan beradaptasi terhadap iklim tropis dengan penerapan bukaan lebar, plafond tinggi dan atap bersudut tajam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana memanfaatkan potensi bangunan peninggalan kolonial. Dengan melakukan observasi diperoleh data bahwa keindahan gaya arsitektur menjadi daya tarik pengunjung dan dengan tata letak furniture yang tepat akan diperoleh kenyamanan termal dan pencahayaan alami yang optimal. Heritage the Factory Outlet dipilih sebagai kasus studi karena alih fungsi terbilang sukses, tidak menghilangkan keaslian gaya arsitekturnya bahkan menjadikannya daya tarik tersendiri. Bangunan tambahan di bangun tidak lebih menonjol dari bangunan utama sehingga keberhasilan alih fungsi ini diharapkan dapat diterapkan pada bangunan cagar budaya lainnya. Diperlukan dukungan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengawasan pelaksanaan perubahan agar tidak melanggar aturan konservasi dan menindak tegas segala bentuk pelanggaran yang dapat merusak bangunan sebagai warisan budaya.Kata kunci: bangunan peninggalan kolonial, alih fungsi, adaptasi gaya arsitektur, bangunan cagar budaya, adaptive reuseABSTRACTColonial heritage buildings are cultural heritages that nowadays many of them are undergoing functional shift, mainly into commercial function. These buildings have an architectural style that adapt to tropical climate by applying wide openings, high ceilings with sharp angeled roof. This research goal is to explore how to benefit the potential of colonial heritage buildings. Observation results showed that beauty of the architectural style is the attraction for visitors together with the right furniture layout, thermal comfort and optimal natural lighting. “Heritage” Factory Outlet was selected as a case study because of the function shift was successful, does not eliminate the beauty of the architectural style and in fact it becomes its unique attraction. The additional building does not become more prominent of the main building so that the succes of function shift is expected to be applied to other cultural heritage building. Local Government support is required in monitoring the implementation of changes that do not violate the rules of conservation and take firm action against any violation that may damage the building as a cultural heritage.Keywords: Colonial heritage building, building function shift, architecture style addaptation, cultural heritage building, adaptive reuse
City as a man creation is always experiencing transformation from time to time. The city center area, originating from a residence area has turned into a commercial area for trading. This transformation is recognized by the physical building change. This paper will describe building transformation in the Pasar Baru area, which is a conservation area in the city center of Bandung city, Indonesia. Colonialism left dualism of the land status in this area, formal and informal. Formal land is located on the road side shaped as row shop houses whilst the informal land lies behind the shop houses in form of urban kampong. The improvement of business and trading, demands a larger working area so space expansion is needed. The difference of land status and location makes it possible for shop house owners to expand their lot toward the kampong behind. Nowadays old shop houses as conservation buildings are hard to recognize because they have been transformed into new shop house forms. By observing the shape it’s expected that the lot expansion was the motivating factor. How did the transformation occur? Can transformation on one land lot give contribution to transformation on the city? It’s expected that the occurring transformation should not eliminate the conservation, building and area in the city center and the residential function could still be maintained.
Shop house is one of the building type in the city centre. This type emerged because of the additional trade activity. Both activities, household and trading, harmonically live side by side for a quiet long time. Problems emerged when the tradeing activity became more dominant and demands more space while the lot was limited. This condition tends to drive function and the physical of the building to transform. Nowadays its difficult to recognize the genuine form of a shop house, it has transform into a new shape that don’t reflect the existence of a recidence function. At night, the city centre become quiet and dark, little or no existence of life, complete opposite with the daytime. By observation and typo-morfology approach this research will investigate the transformation on shop houses. Are the shop houses still occupied? Will the building transformation shift or even eliminate the occupancy function of the shop houses? The mass transformation on this area is feared to change the city centre into a busy trade area but no life at nights. The city centre as one of the most expencieve area is only properly to be used maximally both daytime and nightime, so the interference of the Local Government is expected to arrange the rules of changes. Transformation that occour is expected not to change the mixed area function: trade and residence, comfortable and worthy to be used day and night.Keywords: shop house, building transformation, liveable area Abstrak: Rumah-toko adalah salah satu tipe bangunan hunian di kawasan pusat kota. Tipe ini lahir karena adanya tambahan aktifitas berdagang. Ke dua aktifitas ini, berhuni dan berdagang, harmonis berdampingan untuk kurun waktu yang cukup lama. Permasalahan timbul ketika aktifitas berdagang menjadi lebih dominan dan menuntut tambahan ruang sedangkan lahan terbatas. Kondisi ini cenderung mendorong terjadinya transformasi fungsi maupun fisik bangunan. Saat ini rumah-toko lama sudah sulit dikenali bentuk aslinya, telah bertransformasi dan melahirkan bentuk baru yang tidak mencerminkan keberadaan fungsi hunian. Di malam hari kawasan pusat kota menjadi sepi dan gelap, tidak ada kehidupan, hal yang berbeda dengan kondisi sepanjang siang hari. Dengan melakukan observasi dan pendekatan tipo-morfologi studi ini akan meneliti bentuk transformasi pada bangunan rumah-toko. Masihkan rumah-toko dihuni? Apakah transformasi bangunan menggeser atau bahkan menghilangkan fungsi hunian dari bangunan rumah-toko? Maraknya transformasi yang terjadi pada kawasan ini dikhawatirkan akan menghilangkan fungsi hunian pada kawasan perdagangan di pusat kota. Pusat kota sebagai kawasan termahal selayaknya digunakan secara maksimal siang dan malam hari oleh karenanya diperlukan campur tangan Pemerintah Daerah dalam mengatur perubahan. Diharapkan transformasi yang terjadi tidak merubah fungsi kawasan perdagangan sebagai kawasan campuran; hunian dan perdagangan yang nyaman dan layak digunakan sepanjang pagi hingga malam hari. Kata Kunci: rumah-toko, transformasi bangunan, livable area
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