Potensi pengembangan padi sawah cukup tinggi pada lahan pasang surut, namun produktivitas padi di lahan ini masih rendah karena rendahnya tingkat kesuburan tanah, terutama hara P dan bahan organik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan rawa pasang surut Desa Sungai Solok, Kabupaten Pelalawan, Provinsi Riau dengan tujuan mendapatkan rekomendasi pemupukan dari kombinasi pupuk P dan ameliorasi kompos jerami padi. Perlakuan ditata dalam Rancangan Split Plot dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah dosis posfat (P) yakni 30; 60; 90; 120 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 yang bersumber dari TSP, sedangkan anak petak terdiri atas dosis pupuk organik (O) yang berasal dari kompos jerami padi dengan dosis: 1,0; 2,0; dan 3,0 t ha-1. Parameter yang diamati adalah (i) sifat kimia tanah meliputi pH, C-organik, P-tersedia, (Ca, Mg, K, dan Na)-tertukar, dan KTK, diukur sebelum pemupukan dan (ii) produktivitas padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah di lokasi penelitian bereaksi sangat masam dengan kadar C-organik dan P-tersedia rendah, kadar N-total sedang, dan kadar unsur-unsur basa dan KTK tergolong rendah. Dosis kompos jerami padi, dosis pupuk P dan interaksinya berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas padi di lahan pasang surut tipe B. Produktivitas tertinggi (5,73±0,49 t ha-1) dihasilkan dari pemberian kompos jerami padi 2,0 t ha-1 yang dikombinasi dengan 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 .
<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. <span>Masalah penyediaan beras dihadapkan pada ketersediaan, alih fungsi, dan kompetisi pemanfaatan lahan, degradasi kesuburan tanah dan kerusakan infrastruktur pertanian, menurunnya jumlah keluarga tani dan gangguan organisme pengganggu t</span><span lang="IN">umbuhan</span><span> (OPT), tata ruang pertanian, jumlah penduduk dan kebutuhan konsumsi individu meningkat, dan efisiensi konsumsi. Kalimantan Selatan dalam perberasan nasional menduduki ranking 12 dari 34 provinsi. Meski produksi beras nasional pada tahun 2019 lebih rendah dari tahun 2018, tetapi Kalsel termasuk 8 provinsi yang mengalami kenaikan dan surplus sebesar 306.621 ton atau sekitar 63,37%. Peningkatan produksi padi di Kalimantan Selatan dapat dilakukan melalui optimasi pemanfaatan lahan sawah irigasi, lahan tadah hujan, lahan kering, lahan rawa pasang surut, dan lahan rawa lebak serta lahan yang tidak digunakan. Optimasi pemanfaatan lahan untuk peningkatan produksi padi dan perbaikan ranking Kalsel dalam perberasan nasional melalui peningkatan IP di daerah yang berpotensi ditingkatkan IP-nya dengan persyaratan tertentu, peningkatan produktivitas dengan perlakuan khusus di daerah tertentu, perluasan tanam di daerah-daerah yang potensial untuk dibuka sebagai sawah baru, dan tumpangsari dengan tanaman perkebunan, yang didukung oleh kebijakan inventarisasi kondisi eksisting lahan pertanian, optimasi dan revitalisasi infrastruktur pengelolaan air, optimasi penggunaan alsintan, pengamanan panen, konsolidasi manajemen pemanfaatan lahan, perbaikan kelembagaan pertanian dan petani, dan penyusunan tata ruang pertanian</span>.</p><p><em>Abstact. <em><span lang="IN">Problems with rice supply are faced with responsibilities, transfer of functions, and competition for land use, degradation of soil fertility and damage to agricultural infrastructure, number of farming families and policies on excavation of plants), agricultural spatial planning, population and individual consumption needs, and consumption efficiency. South Kalimantan is ranked 12th out of 34 provinces in the national rice stock. Although the national rice production in 2019 is lower than in 2018, South Kalimantan is included in 8 provinces which added and a surplus of 306,621 tons or around 63.37%. Increased rice production in South Kalimantan can be done through the optimization of the use of paddy fields, rainfed land, dry land, tidal swamp land, and swamp land and land that is not used. Improve rankings to increase production and improve South Kalimantan's ranking in national rice through increasing IPs in regions that have improved IPs with special requirements, increasing productivity with special assistance in certain areas, increasing planting in areas that have the potential to be changed as new rice fields, and intercropping with plantation crops, supported by policies inventory of existing conditions of agricultural land, optimization and revitalization of water management infrastructure, optimizing the use of agricultural machinery, securing the harvest, investment in land use management, improving agricultural and farmer safety, and preparation of agricultural spatial plannin</span></em></em><em>g.</em></p>
One of the technological innovations to increase rice productivity is the Jajar Legowo (double row) planting method. The research aimed to examine the technology of planting Jajar Legowo rice in two ways: manual and transplanter machines in freshwater rice fields. The research was conducted on 6 ha of freshwater rice fields in Martapura Barat, Banjar Regency and involved six cooperator farmers. The superior varieties used were Inpari-30 and Inpari-32. The results show that the average grain yield was higher with transplanter (8.10 t ha−1 GKP), compared to manual planting (6.90 t ha−1). Grain yields planted with transplanter + manure increased grain yields by 1.2 t ha−1 (increased by 17.4%). The transplanter treatment provided an income of IDR20,401,500.- and R C−1 = 2.70 higher than manual row planting (income IDR16,959,500.- R C−1 = 2.59). Transplanters also reduce labour costs for planting (IDR750, 000.- per hectare), and reduce planting times.
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